महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-43

तावुभौ शरवर्षाभ्यां समासाद्य परस्परम् ।
परस्परवधे यत्नं चक्रतुः सुमहारथौ ॥४३॥

43. tāvubhau śaravarṣābhyāṁ samāsādya parasparam ,
parasparavadhe yatnaṁ cakratuḥ sumahārathau.

43. tau ubhau śaravarṣābhyām samāsādya parasparam
parasparavadhe yatnam cakratuḥ sumahārathau

43. tau ubhau sumahārathau śaravarṣābhyām parasparam
samāsādya parasparavadhe yatnam cakratuḥ

43. Having confronted each other with showers of arrows, those two great charioteers made an effort for each other's destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• शरवर्षाभ्याम् (śaravarṣābhyām) - with showers of arrows

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having confronted

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

• परस्परवधे (parasparavadhe) - for mutual destruction, for killing each other

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, exertion

• चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they two made, they two did

• सुमहारथौ (sumahārathau) - the two great charioteers

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sushena from the previous verse.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Emphasizes 'both'.

शरवर्षाभ्याम् (śaravarṣābhyām) - with showers of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)
  from root vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The means by which they engaged.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having confronted

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root sad with upasargas sam and ā and suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The action performed before making effort for destruction.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, each other

Note: Object of `samāsādya` (approached each other). Also implicitly governs `parasparavadhe`.

परस्परवधे (parasparavadhe) - for mutual destruction, for killing each other

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parasparavadha

parasparavadha - mutual killing, destruction of each other

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paraspara+vadha)

• paraspara – mutual, each other
  pronoun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaying, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  from root vadh/han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Indicates purpose: 'in the matter of mutual destruction'.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, exertion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, attempt

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of `cakratuḥ`.

चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they two made, they two did

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The perfect tense form of `kṛ` in dual number.

सुमहारथौ (sumahārathau) - the two great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sumahāratha

sumahāratha - a very great warrior, a great charioteer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahā+ratha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, a warrior fighting from a chariot (charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Nakula and Sushena.