महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-52

तावकाः समरे राजन्रक्षिता दृढधन्वना ।
प्रत्युद्ययुररातींस्ते समन्ताद्विगतव्यथाः ॥५२॥

52. tāvakāḥ samare rājanrakṣitā dṛḍhadhanvanā ,
pratyudyayurarātīṁste samantādvigatavyathāḥ.

52. tāvakāḥ samare rājan rakṣitāḥ dṛḍhadhanvanā
pratyudyayuḥ arātīn te samantāt vigatavyathāḥ

52. rājan dṛḍhadhanvanā rakṣitāḥ te tāvakāḥ
vigatavyathāḥ samantāt samare arātīn pratyudyayuḥ

52. O King, your men, protected by the steadfast archer (Bhishma), were free from distress and advanced against the enemies from all sides in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (men), your side

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - protected, guarded

• दृढधन्वना (dṛḍhadhanvanā) - by Bhishma, the steadfast archer (by the firm-bowman, by the steadfast archer)

• प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they went forth against, they advanced

• अरातीन् (arātīn) - enemies, foes

• ते (te) - those, they

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• विगतव्यथाः (vigatavyathāḥ) - free from anxiety, without distress

Words meanings and morphology

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (men), your side

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your men/side

Note: Used as a noun, 'your people/men'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - protected, guarded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

दृढधन्वना (dṛḍhadhanvanā) - by Bhishma, the steadfast archer (by the firm-bowman, by the steadfast archer)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dṛḍhadhanvan

dṛḍhadhanvan - having a firm bow, steadfast archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+dhanus)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, steadfast
  adjective
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)

प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they went forth against, they advanced

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pratyud-yā

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

अरातीन् (arātīn) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of arāti

arāti - enemy, foe, adversary

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

विगतव्यथाः (vigatavyathāḥ) - free from anxiety, without distress

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vigatavyatha

vigatavyatha - free from distress/pain/anxiety

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigata+vyathā)

• vigata – gone away, removed, disappeared
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root gam with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• vyathā – distress, pain, anxiety, fear
  noun (feminine)