महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-21

तस्मिंस्तु पतिते भीष्मे प्रच्युते पृथिवीतले ।
न जाने कारणं किं नु येन युद्धमवर्तत ॥२१॥

21. tasmiṁstu patite bhīṣme pracyute pṛthivītale ,
na jāne kāraṇaṁ kiṁ nu yena yuddhamavartata.

21. tasmin tu patite bhīṣme pracyute pṛthivītale
na jāne kāraṇam kim nu yena yuddham avartata

21. tu tasmin bhīṣme pṛthivītale patite pracyute,
yena yuddham avartata,
kim kāraṇam nu na jāne.

21. But when that Bhishma had fallen, cast down upon the surface of the earth, I truly do not know what cause there was by which the battle (yuddha) continued.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (Bhishma) (in that, on that, when that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• पतिते (patite) - had fallen (fallen, descended, overthrown)

• भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - in Bhishma, concerning Bhishma (Bhishma)

• प्रच्युते (pracyute) - cast down (fallen down, cast down, driven away)

• पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - on the surface of the earth (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

• न (na) - not

• जाने (jāne) - I know (I know, I perceive)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause (cause, reason, instrument)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

• नु (nu) - truly, indeed (now, indeed, then, particle of interrogation or emphasis)

• येन (yena) - by which (by which, by whom)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (yuddha) (battle, war, fight)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - continued (it proceeded, it continued, it occurred, it took place)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (Bhishma) (in that, on that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

पतिते (patite) - had fallen (fallen, descended, overthrown)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, prostrate, overthrown

Past Passive Participle

From root pat- (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - in Bhishma, concerning Bhishma (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

प्रच्युते (pracyute) - cast down (fallen down, cast down, driven away)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pracyuta

pracyuta - fallen down, cast down, removed, driven away

Past Passive Participle

From root cyu- (to move, fall) with prefix pra- (forth, down)

Prefix: pra

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, describing Bhishma.

पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - on the surface of the earth (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛthivītala

pṛthivītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound of pṛthivī (earth) and tala (surface, ground)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+tala)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground, world
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, plain, flat land
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

जाने (jāne) - I know (I know, I perceive)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Tense, 1st Person, Singular

From root jñā- (to know), Ātmanepada form

Root: jñā (class 9)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause (cause, reason, instrument)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From root kṛ- (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'jāne' in an interrogative clause.

किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

Interrogative pronoun

नु (nu) - truly, indeed (now, indeed, then, particle of interrogation or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

येन (yena) - by which (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun

Note: Denotes the means or agent by which the battle continued.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (yuddha) (battle, war, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight, combat

Past Passive Participle (from yudh)

From root yudh- (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'avartata'.

अवर्तत (avartata) - continued (it proceeded, it continued, it occurred, it took place)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Tense, 3rd Person, Singular

From root vṛt- (to turn, be), Ātmanepada form

Root: vṛt (class 1)