महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-14

तान्समीपगतान्दृष्ट्वा जवेनोद्यतकार्मुकान् ।
उवाच देवकीपुत्रं कुन्तीपुत्रो धनंजयः ॥१४॥

14. tānsamīpagatāndṛṣṭvā javenodyatakārmukān ,
uvāca devakīputraṁ kuntīputro dhanaṁjayaḥ.

14. tān samīpagatān dṛṣṭvā javena udyatakārmukān
uvāca devakīputram kuntīputraḥ dhanañjayaḥ

14. kuntīputraḥ dhanañjayaḥ samīpagatān javena
udyatakārmukān tān dṛṣṭvā devakīputram uvāca

14. Having seen those (warriors) who had swiftly approached with their bows raised, Dhanañjaya, the son of Kuntī, spoke to Devakī's son (Kṛṣṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (Kaurava warriors) (those, them)

• समीपगतान् (samīpagatān) - those who had come near (approached, having come near)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• जवेन (javena) - swiftly, with speed

• उद्यतकार्मुकान् (udyatakārmukān) - with bows raised, having raised bows

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• देवकीपुत्रम् (devakīputram) - to Kṛṣṇa (to Devakī's son (Kṛṣṇa))

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī (Arjuna))

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth (Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (Kaurava warriors) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the warriors of the opposing army.

समीपगतान् (samīpagatān) - those who had come near (approached, having come near)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samīpagata

samīpagata - approached, come near

Past Passive Participle

Formed from samīpa (near) and gata (gone, arrived)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samīpa+gata)

• samīpa – near, proximity
  indeclinable (neuter)
  Also functions as a noun
• gata – gone, arrived, come
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go) with suffix -ta
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

जवेन (javena) - swiftly, with speed

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, force

Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

उद्यतकार्मुकान् (udyatakārmukān) - with bows raised, having raised bows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of udyatakārmuka

udyatakārmuka - having raised bows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udyata+kārmuka)

• udyata – raised, uplifted, prepared
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to hold, restrain) with prefix ud- and suffix -ta
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• kārmuka – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tān'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), third person singular, active voice. Root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

देवकीपुत्रम् (devakīputram) - to Kṛṣṇa (to Devakī's son (Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devakīputra

devakīputra - son of Devakī (Kṛṣṇa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (devakī+putra)

• devakī – Devakī (mother of Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: put

Note: Kṛṣṇa is the son of Devakī.

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī (Arjuna, Bhīma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (mother of Arjuna, Bhīma, Yudhiṣṭhira)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: put

Note: It is Arjuna, who is also called Dhanañjaya.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

Compound meaning "conqueror of wealth", a common epithet for Arjuna

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – conquering, victory
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: An epithet for Arjuna, used here as a proper noun.