महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-53

ततः प्रायाद्रथेनाजौ सव्यसाची परंतपः ।
किरञ्शरशतांस्तीक्ष्णान्वारिधारा इवाम्बुदः ॥५३॥

53. tataḥ prāyādrathenājau savyasācī paraṁtapaḥ ,
kirañśaraśatāṁstīkṣṇānvāridhārā ivāmbudaḥ.

53. tataḥ prāyāt rathena ājau savyasācī paraṃtapaḥ
kiran śaraśatān tīkṣṇān vāridhārāḥ iva ambudaḥ

53. tataḥ paraṃtapaḥ savyasācī ājau rathena prāyāt,
ambudaḥ vāridhārāḥ iva tīkṣṇān śaraśatān kiran

53. Then, the tormentor of foes, Savyasācin (Arjuna), advanced in battle with his chariot, showering hundreds of sharp arrows just as a cloud pours forth streams of water.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - proceeded, went forth, advanced

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with a chariot

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the fight

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna, 'one who can shoot with the left hand' (Savyasācin)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

• किरन् (kiran) - scattering, showering, strewing

• शरशतान् (śaraśatān) - hundreds of arrows

• तीक्ष्णान् (tīkṣṇān) - sharp, keen, fierce

• वारिधाराः (vāridhārāḥ) - streams of water, torrents of rain

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - proceeded, went forth, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāyāt

Imperfect

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix pra-. Imperfect 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, combat

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna, 'one who can shoot with the left hand' (Savyasācin)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who can shoot with the left hand (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective (neuter)
• sācin – shooter, thrower, one who uses an arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun, likely from a root related to 'shooting' or 'aiming'.
  Root: sāc

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  pronoun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, burning, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root tap (to burn, to torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'savyasācī'.

किरन् (kiran) - scattering, showering, strewing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kirat

kirat - scattering, showering, strewing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to scatter, pour) with the śatṛ suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'savyasācī' and functions adverbially.

शरशतान् (śaraśatān) - hundreds of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaraśata

śaraśata - hundreds of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+śata)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

तीक्ष्णान् (tīkṣṇān) - sharp, keen, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, piercing, fiery, fierce

Note: Qualifies 'śaraśatān'.

वारिधाराः (vāridhārāḥ) - streams of water, torrents of rain

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāridhārā

vāridhārā - stream of water, torrent of rain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāri+dhārā)

• vāri – water
  noun (neuter)
• dhārā – stream, current, flow, shower
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used in comparison with 'ambudaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud (lit. 'giver of water')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (ambus+da)

• ambus – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing (suffix)
  participle (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix
  Derived from root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)