महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिञ्शब्दे मृदौ जाते पाण्डवैर्निहते बले ।
अश्वैः सप्तशतैः शिष्टैरुपावर्तत सौबलः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasmiñśabde mṛdau jāte pāṇḍavairnihate bale ,
aśvaiḥ saptaśataiḥ śiṣṭairupāvartata saubalaḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca tasmin śabde mṛdau jāte pāṇḍavaiḥ nihate
bale aśvaiḥ saptasataiḥ śiṣṭaiḥ upāvartata saubalaḥ

1. sañjaya uvāca tasmin śabde mṛdau jāte bale pāṇḍavaiḥ
nihate saubalaḥ śiṣṭaiḥ saptasataiḥ aśvaiḥ upāvartata

1. Sañjaya said: As the tumultuous sound of battle subsided and the army was being destroyed by the Pāṇḍavas, the son of Subala (Śakuni) retreated with seven hundred remaining horses.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

• शब्दे (śabde) - in the sound of battle (in the sound, in the clamor)

• मृदौ (mṛdau) - softened, subsided (mild, soft, gentle)

• जाते (jāte) - when it had become, when it subsided (having become, arisen)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• निहते (nihate) - being overcome or destroyed (having been killed, destroyed, overthrown)

• बले (bale) - in the army, in the force

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses, with horses

• सप्तसतैः (saptasataiḥ) - with seven hundred (by seven hundred)

• शिष्टैः (śiṣṭaiḥ) - with those that remained (by remaining, with remaining, left over)

• उपावर्तत (upāvartata) - returned, retreated

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, the brother of Gāndhārī (the son of Subala (Śakuni))

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name, the charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit)

Perfect 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'śabde'

शब्दे (śabde) - in the sound of battle (in the sound, in the clamor)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, voice, word

मृदौ (mṛdau) - softened, subsided (mild, soft, gentle)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, mild, gentle, tender, weak

Note: Agrees with 'śabde'

जाते (jāte) - when it had become, when it subsided (having become, arisen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, occurred, become

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √jan

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction: 'tasmin śabde mṛdau jāte' (when that sound became mild)

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

निहते (nihate) - being overcome or destroyed (having been killed, destroyed, overthrown)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, destroyed, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √han with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bale'. Part of a locative absolute construction: 'pāṇḍavaiḥ nihate bale' (when the army was killed by the Pāṇḍavas)

बले (bale) - in the army, in the force

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, troops

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses, with horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

सप्तसतैः (saptasataiḥ) - with seven hundred (by seven hundred)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saptasata

saptasata - seven hundred

Compound type : dvigu (sapta+śata)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvaiḥ'

शिष्टैः (śiṣṭaiḥ) - with those that remained (by remaining, with remaining, left over)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - remaining, left, preserved, excellent, learned

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √śiṣ

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvaiḥ'

उपावर्तत (upāvartata) - returned, retreated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Imperfect 3rd person singular middle voice of √vṛt with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, the brother of Gāndhārī (the son of Subala (Śakuni))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (an epithet for Śakuni)

A patronymic from 'Subala'