महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-43

तदिदं वचनं तेषां निरुक्तं वै जनार्दन ।
क्षयं याता हि राजानो दुर्योधनकृते भृशम् ॥४३॥

43. tadidaṁ vacanaṁ teṣāṁ niruktaṁ vai janārdana ,
kṣayaṁ yātā hi rājāno duryodhanakṛte bhṛśam.

43. tat idam vacanam teṣām niruktam vai janārdana
kṣayam yātāḥ hi rājānaḥ duryodhanakṛte bhṛśam

43. janārdana tat idam teṣām vacanam vai niruktam
hi rājānaḥ duryodhanakṛte bhṛśam kṣayam yātāḥ

43. O Janardana, this statement was indeed declared by them: 'The kings have certainly met great ruin because of Duryodhana.'

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - this (referring to the statement) (that, this, therefore)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the statement) (this, here)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (referring to the Pandavas/allies) (of them, their)

• निरुक्तम् (niruktam) - declared, made (spoken, declared, described, explained)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janardana (Krishna) (O Janardana (an epithet of Krishna))

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - ruin, destruction (destruction, ruin, decay, end)

• याताः (yātāḥ) - gone to, met (destruction) (gone, arrived, reached)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (for, indeed, because)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers)

• दुर्योधनकृते (duryodhanakṛte) - because of Duryodhana (for Duryodhana's sake, on account of Duryodhana)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, strongly)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - this (referring to the statement) (that, this, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tat

tat - that, this, he, she, it

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the statement) (this, here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, speech, word, statement

action noun

from root vac- with suffix -ana

Root: vac (class 2)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (referring to the Pandavas/allies) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निरुक्तम् (niruktam) - declared, made (spoken, declared, described, explained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirukta

nirukta - spoken, declared, explained, defined

Past Passive Participle

from root vac with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: vac (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janardana (Krishna) (O Janardana (an epithet of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - agitator of men, one who is worshipped by men, destroyer of evil men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+ardana)

• jana – people, man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ardana – disturbing, tormenting, destroying
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root ard
  Root: ard (class 1)

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - ruin, destruction (destruction, ruin, decay, end)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, ruin, loss, end, decay

action noun

from root kṣi

Root: kṣi (class 1)

याताः (yātāḥ) - gone to, met (destruction) (gone, arrived, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yāta

yāta - gone, reached, passed, travelled

Past Passive Participle

from root yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: In this context, used with plural masculine noun rājānaḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

दुर्योधनकृते (duryodhanakṛte) - because of Duryodhana (for Duryodhana's sake, on account of Duryodhana)

(indeclinable)

past passive participle used in a compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+kṛta)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, caused
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning "for the sake of Duryodhana".

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, strongly)

(indeclinable)