महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-59

ते दह्यमानाः पार्थेन पावकेनेव कुञ्जराः ।
समासीदन्त कौरव्या वध्यमानाः शितैः शरैः ॥५९॥

59. te dahyamānāḥ pārthena pāvakeneva kuñjarāḥ ,
samāsīdanta kauravyā vadhyamānāḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

59. te dahyamānāḥ pārthena pāvakena iva kuñjarāḥ
samāsīdanta kauravyāḥ vadhyamānāḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ

59. te kauravyāḥ pārthena pāvakena iva dahyamānāḥ
kuñjarāḥ iva śitaiḥ śaraiḥ vadhyamānāḥ samāsīdanta

59. Being scorched by Partha (Arjuna) as if by fire, those Kauravas, like elephants, were assailed, being struck down by sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• दह्यमानाः (dahyamānāḥ) - being burnt, being consumed, being scorched

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Partha, by Arjuna

• पावकेन (pāvakena) - by fire, by purifier

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

• समासीदन्त (samāsīdanta) - they approached, they were assailed, they were afflicted

• कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kurus, descendants of Kuru

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed, being struck down

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दह्यमानाः (dahyamānāḥ) - being burnt, being consumed, being scorched

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dahyamāna

dahyamāna - being burnt, being consumed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root दह् (dah) with passive suffix -yamāna.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te' (they/Kauravas).

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Partha, by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti).

Note: Agent of 'dahyamānāḥ' and 'vadhyamānāḥ'.

पावकेन (pāvakena) - by fire, by purifier

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifier, Agni

From root पु (pū) 'to purify'.

Root: pū (class 9)

Note: Used in a simile with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing comparison.

कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

Note: Subject of comparison (like elephants).

समासीदन्त (samāsīdanta) - they approached, they were assailed, they were afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-ā-sad

Compound verb from root सद् (sad) with prefixes सम् (sam) and आ (ā).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kurus, descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, a Kuru warrior

Patronymic from Kuru.

Note: Main subject of the sentence, implied for 'te'.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed, being struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck down

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root वध् (vadh) with passive suffix -yamāna.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kauravyāḥ'.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root शो (śo) 'to sharpen'.

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrument of 'vadhyamānāḥ'.