महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-2

स यात्वा वाहिनीं तूर्णमब्रवीत्त्वरयन्युधि ।
युध्यध्वमिति संहृष्टाः पुनः पुनररिंदमः ।
अपृच्छत्क्षत्रियांस्तत्र क्व नु राजा महारथः ॥२॥

2. sa yātvā vāhinīṁ tūrṇamabravīttvarayanyudhi ,
yudhyadhvamiti saṁhṛṣṭāḥ punaḥ punarariṁdamaḥ ,
apṛcchatkṣatriyāṁstatra kva nu rājā mahārathaḥ.

2. saḥ yātvā vāhinīm tūrṇam abravīt
tvarayan yudhi yudhyadhvam iti saṃhṛṣṭāḥ
punaḥ punaḥ arindamaḥ apṛcchat
kṣatriyān tatra kva nu rājā mahārathaḥ

2. arindamaḥ saḥ tūrṇam vāhinīm yātvā yudhi tvarayan punaḥ punaḥ yudhyadhvam iti abravīt tatra saṃhṛṣṭāḥ kṣatriyān apṛcchat,
rājā mahārathaḥ nu kva

2. He, the subduer of enemies (Śakuni), having swiftly gone to the army, repeatedly urged (the warriors) in battle, saying, 'Fight!' (The warriors were) invigorated. There he asked the Kṣatriyas, 'Where now is the great charioteer king?'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Śakuni, the son of Subala (he)

• यात्वा (yātvā) - having gone, having proceeded

• वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - to the army, host

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, instantly

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• त्वरयन् (tvarayan) - urging, hastening, causing to hurry

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in the fight

• युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - You (plural) fight! (Fight!)

• इति (iti) - introducing direct speech or quotation (thus, so)

• संहृष्टाः (saṁhṛṣṭāḥ) - the warriors being invigorated/enthusiastic (exhilarated, delighted, invigorated)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - epithet for Śakuni (subduer of enemies)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked, questioned

• क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - the Kṣatriyas, warriors

• तत्र (tatra) - among those warriors (there, in that place)

• क्व (kva) - where?, whither?

• नु (nu) - indicates an urgent or perplexed question (now, then, indeed (interrogative particle))

• राजा (rājā) - king

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a warrior of high rank who fights from a chariot (great charioteer)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Śakuni, the son of Subala (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यात्वा (yātvā) - having gone, having proceeded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √yā

Root: yā (class 2)

वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - to the army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, river

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, instantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bru

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Imperfect 3rd person singular of √bru

Root: bru (class 2)

त्वरयन् (tvarayan) - urging, hastening, causing to hurry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarayat

tvarayat - urging, hastening, causing to move quickly

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Present Active Participle of the causative of √tvar

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - You (plural) fight! (Fight!)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (Loṭ) of yudh

Imperative (Loṭ)

Imperative 2nd person plural middle voice of √yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

इति (iti) - introducing direct speech or quotation (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

संहृष्टाः (saṁhṛṣṭāḥ) - the warriors being invigorated/enthusiastic (exhilarated, delighted, invigorated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃhṛṣṭa

saṁhṛṣṭa - delighted, glad, rejoiced, exhilarated

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √hṛṣ with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to the warriors being urged/questioned, indicating their state.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in conjunction with the preceding 'punaḥ' to mean 'again and again' or 'repeatedly'.

अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - epithet for Śakuni (subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe, adversary
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming, controller, subduer
  noun (masculine)
  From √dam (to subdue)
  Root: dam (class 1)

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked, questioned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of prach

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Imperfect 3rd person singular of √prach

Root: prach (class 6)

क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - the Kṣatriyas, warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class, warrior, noble

तत्र (tatra) - among those warriors (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

क्व (kva) - where?, whither?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indicates an urgent or perplexed question (now, then, indeed (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a warrior of high rank who fights from a chariot (great charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a great warrior, a hero capable of fighting many foes

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, a warrior fighting from a chariot
  noun (masculine)