महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-57

आसीत्सर्वमवच्छन्नं गाण्डीवप्रेषितैः शरैः ।
न प्राज्ञायन्त समरे दिशो वा प्रदिशोऽपि वा ॥५७॥

57. āsītsarvamavacchannaṁ gāṇḍīvapreṣitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
na prājñāyanta samare diśo vā pradiśo'pi vā.

57. āsīt sarvam avacchannam gāṇḍīvapreṣitaiḥ śaraiḥ
na prājñāyanta samare diśaḥ vā pradiśaḥ api vā

57. gāṇḍīvapreṣitaiḥ śaraiḥ sarvam avacchannam āsīt.
samare diśaḥ vā pradiśaḥ api vā na prājñāyanta

57. The entire battlefield was covered by the arrows launched from the Gaṇḍīva bow. In the battle, neither the main directions nor the intermediate directions could be distinguished.

Words meanings summery:

• आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, existed

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• अवच्छन्नम् (avacchannam) - covered, enveloped, hidden

• गाण्डीवप्रेषितैः (gāṇḍīvapreṣitaiḥ) - by arrows dispatched from the Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• न (na) - not

• प्राज्ञायन्त (prājñāyanta) - they were recognized, they were known, they were perceived

• समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (cardinal)

• वा (vā) - or

• प्रदिशः (pradiśaḥ) - intermediate directions (NE, SE, SW, NW)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• वा (vā) - or

Words meanings and morphology

आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √as

Imperfect

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. The 'ā' prefix is the augment for past tense.

Root: as (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Subject of `āsīt`.

अवच्छन्नम् (avacchannam) - covered, enveloped, hidden

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avacchanna

avacchanna - covered, enveloped, hidden, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √chad (to cover) with prefix 'ava-'.

Prefix: ava

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Modifies `sarvam`.

गाण्डीवप्रेषितैः (gāṇḍīvapreṣitaiḥ) - by arrows dispatched from the Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gāṇḍīvapreṣita

gāṇḍīvapreṣita - dispatched by the Gaṇḍīva, hurled from the Gaṇḍīva

Past Passive Participle (compound with instrumental)

Tatpuruṣa compound, where the first part (Gaṇḍīva) is instrumental (by the Gaṇḍīva).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāṇḍīva+preṣita)

• gāṇḍīva – Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• preṣita – dispatched, sent forth, hurled
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √iṣ (to send) with prefix 'pra-'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Modifies `śaraiḥ`.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 6)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञायन्त (prājñāyanta) - they were recognized, they were known, they were perceived

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of √jñā

Imperfect, Passive voice

Imperfect, 3rd person plural, passive voice. From root √jñā (9th class) with prefix 'pra-'. Passive stem formed with -ya-.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (cardinal)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of `prājñāyanta`.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

प्रदिशः (pradiśaḥ) - intermediate directions (NE, SE, SW, NW)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pradiś

pradiś - intermediate direction, sub-direction

From `diś` (direction) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of `prājñāyanta`.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)