महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-39

न स युक्तोऽन्यथा जेतुमृते युद्धेन माधव ।
इत्यब्रवीत्सदा मां हि विदुरः सत्यदर्शनः ॥३९॥

39. na sa yukto'nyathā jetumṛte yuddhena mādhava ,
ityabravītsadā māṁ hi viduraḥ satyadarśanaḥ.

39. na saḥ yuktaḥ anyathā jetum ṛte yuddhena mādhava
iti abravīt sadā mām hi viduraḥ satyadarśanaḥ

39. mādhava saḥ anyathā yuddhena ṛte jetum na yuktaḥ
iti satyadarśanaḥ viduraḥ mām hi sadā abravīt

39. O Madhava, he is not capable of conquering in any other way except through battle. Vidura, who possesses true vision, always told me this.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - refers to Duryodhana (he, that)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - capable (of conquering) (joined, engaged, fit, proper, capable)

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in another way

• जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

• ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for, apart from

• युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by battle, through battle, with battle

• माधव (mādhava) - O Krishna (O Madhava, descendant of Madhu, a name for Krishna)

• इति (iti) - introduces the preceding statement as a quotation or summary (thus, in this manner, so)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• माम् (mām) - to me (the speaker, Dhritarashtra) (me)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper noun)

• सत्यदर्शनः (satyadarśanaḥ) - having true vision, one who sees the truth

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - refers to Duryodhana (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronoun of the third person, masculine singular nominative

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - capable (of conquering) (joined, engaged, fit, proper, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, connected, engaged, devoted, fit, proper, capable

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj (to join, connect) with suffix -kta

Root: yuj (class 7)

अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in another way

(indeclinable)

जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for, apart from

(indeclinable)

Governs the instrumental case (yuddhena)

युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by battle, through battle, with battle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

माधव (mādhava) - O Krishna (O Madhava, descendant of Madhu, a name for Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, name of Krishna, name of Viṣṇu

इति (iti) - introduces the preceding statement as a quotation or summary (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

Third person singular imperfect active, from root brū (class 2)

Root: brū (class 2)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - to me (the speaker, Dhritarashtra) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person singular pronoun, accusative case

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of Dhritarashtra's half-brother, known for his wisdom)

सत्यदर्शनः (satyadarśanaḥ) - having true vision, one who sees the truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyadarśana

satyadarśana - one who sees the truth, possessing true vision, discerning

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+darśana)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• darśana – seeing, vision, sight, philosophy
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)