महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-49

संजय उवाच ।
अभीशुहस्तो दाशार्हस्तथोक्तः सव्यसाचिना ।
तद्बलौघममित्राणामभीतः प्राविशद्रणे ॥४९॥

49. saṁjaya uvāca ,
abhīśuhasto dāśārhastathoktaḥ savyasācinā ,
tadbalaughamamitrāṇāmabhītaḥ prāviśadraṇe.

49. saṃjaya uvāca abhīśuhastaḥ dāśārhaḥ tathā uktaḥ
savyasācinā tat balaugham amitrāṇām abhītaḥ prāviśat raṇe

49. saṃjaya uvāca savyasācinā tathā uktaḥ abhīśuhastaḥ
dāśārhaḥ abhītaḥ amitrāṇām tat balaugham raṇe prāviśat

49. Sanjaya said: Thus addressed by Savyasacin (Arjuna), Daśārha's descendant (Krishna), with the reins in his hand, fearlessly entered that mass of enemy forces in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अभीशुहस्तः (abhīśuhastaḥ) - with the reins in his hand (having reins in hand, charioteer)

• दाशार्हः (dāśārhaḥ) - Daśārha's descendant (Krishna) (a descendant of Daśārha, Krishna)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

• सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Savyasacin (Arjuna) (by Savyasacin, by Arjuna)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, this, it)

• बलौघम् (balaugham) - mass of forces (multitude of forces, mass of an army)

• अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of enemy (of the enemies, of the foes)

• अभीतः (abhītaḥ) - fearlessly (fearless, unafraid)

• प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered (he entered, he went into)

• रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (in battle, in conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (the charioteer of Dhritarashtra)

Masculine noun, nominative singular.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular

From root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

अभीशुहस्तः (abhīśuhastaḥ) - with the reins in his hand (having reins in hand, charioteer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhīśuhasta

abhīśuhasta - having the reins in hand

Bahuvrīhi compound, masculine.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (abhīśu+hasta)

• abhīśu – rein, bridle, ray
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun.
• hasta – hand, trunk
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun.

Note: Qualifies Krishna.

दाशार्हः (dāśārhaḥ) - Daśārha's descendant (Krishna) (a descendant of Daśārha, Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāśārha

dāśārha - descendant of Daśārha (a king of the Yadava dynasty), an epithet of Krishna

Masculine noun, nominative singular.

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable particle.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak) + kta suffix. Nominative singular masculine.

Root: vac (class 2)

सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Savyasacin (Arjuna) (by Savyasacin, by Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who can shoot with the left hand (an epithet of Arjuna)

Masculine noun, instrumental singular.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective
  Adjective.
• sācin – shooter, bowman (one who shoots)
  noun (masculine)
  From root sañj (to attach, to shoot).
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive participle uktaḥ.

तत् (tat) - that (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter accusative singular.

बलौघम् (balaugham) - mass of forces (multitude of forces, mass of an army)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of balaugha

balaugha - mass of forces, multitude of troops, flood of strength

Compound noun, masculine/neuter. Accusative singular.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bala+ogha)

• bala – strength, power, army
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun.
• ogha – flood, stream, multitude, mass
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun.

Note: Compound can be masculine or neuter. Here accusative singular neuter.

अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of enemy (of the enemies, of the foes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, hostile

Masculine noun, genitive plural. From a- (not) + mitra (friend).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• mitra – friend, companion, sun
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine/neuter noun.

Note: Qualifies balaugham.

अभीतः (abhītaḥ) - fearlessly (fearless, unafraid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhīta

abhīta - fearless, unafraid, brave

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective, nominative singular masculine. From a- (not) + bhīta (feared, afraid).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+bhīta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• bhīta – feared, afraid
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhī (to fear) + kta suffix.
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered (he entered, he went into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pra√viś

Imperfect Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular

From prefix pra- and root viś.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, delight

Masculine/neuter noun, locative singular.

Root: raṇ (class 1)