महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-23, verse-20

उक्तं भीष्मेण यद्वाक्यं हितं पथ्यं च माधव ।
तच्चापि नासौ कृतवान्वीतबुद्धिः सुयोधनः ॥२०॥

20. uktaṁ bhīṣmeṇa yadvākyaṁ hitaṁ pathyaṁ ca mādhava ,
taccāpi nāsau kṛtavānvītabuddhiḥ suyodhanaḥ.

20. uktam bhīṣmeṇa yat vākyam hitam pathyam ca mādhava
tat ca api na asau kṛtavān vītabuddhiḥ suyodhanaḥ

20. mādhava,
bhīṣmeṇa yat hitam ca pathyam vākyam uktam,
tat ca api,
vītabuddhiḥ asau suyodhanaḥ na kṛtavān.

20. O Madhava, even that beneficial and wholesome advice which was spoken by Bhishma, that Suyodhana, being utterly devoid of intelligence, also did not follow.

Words meanings summery:

• उक्तम् (uktam) - was spoken (spoken, said, stated)

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice (statement, word, speech, advice)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, good, friendly)

• पथ्यम् (pathyam) - wholesome (wholesome, suitable for the path, proper, healthy)

• च (ca) - and

• माधव (mādhava) - O Madhava (Madhava (an epithet of Krishna), descendant of Madhu)

• तत् (tat) - that (advice) (that, it)

• च (ca) - also, even (and, but)

• अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

• न (na) - not

• असौ (asau) - that one (Suyodhana) (that, that one, yonder)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did (not follow/do) (he did, he performed)

• वीतबुद्धिः (vītabuddhiḥ) - utterly devoid of intelligence (devoid of intelligence, foolish, whose understanding is gone)

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana), one who fights well)

Words meanings and morphology

उक्तम् (uktam) - was spoken (spoken, said, stated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, expressed, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktam'.

यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice (statement, word, speech, advice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, advice

From root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the clause 'yat ... uktam'.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, good, friendly)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, suitable, friendly

Past Passive Participle (from dhā with prefix hi) or adjective

From root dhā- (to place) with prefix hi- (as in hiṃsā), but often treated as a direct adjective meaning 'beneficial'.

Root: dhā / hiṃs (class 3)

पथ्यम् (pathyam) - wholesome (wholesome, suitable for the path, proper, healthy)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pathya

pathya - wholesome, suitable for the road/path, proper, healthy, dietetic

Gerundive

From path- (path) with suffix -ya (fit for)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'hitam' and 'pathyam'.

माधव (mādhava) - O Madhava (Madhava (an epithet of Krishna), descendant of Madhu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu; an epithet of Vishnu or Krishna

तत् (tat) - that (advice) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'yat vākyam'.

च (ca) - also, even (and, but)

(indeclinable)

Note: Reinforces 'api', meaning 'even that'.

अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

असौ (asau) - that one (Suyodhana) (that, that one, yonder)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, yonder, this, such a one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of the sentence along with Suyodhana.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did (not follow/do) (he did, he performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having made, who did

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ- (to do, make) with suffix -vat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts as the main verb here.

वीतबुद्धिः (vītabuddhiḥ) - utterly devoid of intelligence (devoid of intelligence, foolish, whose understanding is gone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vītabuddhi

vītabuddhi - whose understanding is gone, devoid of intelligence, foolish

Compound of vīta (gone, passed) and buddhi (intelligence)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīta+buddhi)

• vīta – gone, passed away, ceased, disappeared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i- (to go) with prefix vi- (away)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• buddhi – intelligence, understanding, perception, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana), one who fights well)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - one who fights well; Suyodhana (proper name for Duryodhana)

Compound of su- (well) and yodhana (fighter, fighting)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+yodhana)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, combatant
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh- (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtavān'.