महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-68, verse-66

रथानीकावगाढश्च वारणाश्वशतैर्वृतः ।
सोऽदृश्यत तदा पार्थो घनैः सूर्य इवावृतः ॥६६॥

66. rathānīkāvagāḍhaśca vāraṇāśvaśatairvṛtaḥ ,
so'dṛśyata tadā pārtho ghanaiḥ sūrya ivāvṛtaḥ.

66. rathānīkāvagāḍhaḥ ca vāraṇāśvaśataiḥ vṛtaḥ saḥ
adṛśyata tadā pārthaḥ ghanaiḥ sūryaḥ iva āvṛtaḥ

66. rathānīkāvagāḍhaḥ ca vāraṇāśvaśataiḥ vṛtaḥ saḥ
pārthaḥ tadā ghanaiḥ āvṛtaḥ sūryaḥ iva adṛśyata

66. Plunged into the chariot formations and surrounded by hundreds of elephants and horses, Pārtha (Arjuna) then appeared like the sun enveloped by clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• रथानीकावगाढः (rathānīkāvagāḍhaḥ) - immersed within the enemy chariot forces (entered into the host of chariots, plunged into the chariot array)

• च (ca) - and

• वारणाश्वशतैः (vāraṇāśvaśataiḥ) - by numerous elephants and horses (of the enemy army) (by hundreds of elephants and horses)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by the elephants and horses) (surrounded, covered, encompassed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - he (Arjuna) became visible / appeared (was seen, appeared)

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment (of being surrounded) (then, at that time)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Pārtha (Arjuna))

• घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by dense clouds (by clouds, with clouds)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• इव (iva) - like, similar to (like, as, as if)

• आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered (by clouds) (covered, enveloped, concealed)

Words meanings and morphology

रथानीकावगाढः (rathānīkāvagāḍhaḥ) - immersed within the enemy chariot forces (entered into the host of chariots, plunged into the chariot array)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathānīkāvagāḍha

rathānīkāvagāḍha - one who has entered a host of chariots

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound formed from 'ratha-anīka' (chariot host) + 'avagāḍha' (entered, plunged). 'Avagāḍha' is from root 'gāh' with prefix 'ava'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+anīka+avagāḍha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)
• avagāḍha – plunged, entered, immersed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gāh' (to plunge) with prefix 'ava'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वारणाश्वशतैः (vāraṇāśvaśataiḥ) - by numerous elephants and horses (of the enemy army) (by hundreds of elephants and horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vāraṇāśvaśata

vāraṇāśvaśata - hundreds of elephants and horses

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (vāraṇa+aśva+śata)

• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental plural, acting as agent in passive construction.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by the elephants and horses) (surrounded, covered, encompassed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna, anticipatory subject for 'pārthaḥ'.

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - he (Arjuna) became visible / appeared (was seen, appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (Laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Imperfect passive of root 'dṛś' with augment 'a-'. Meaning 'he was seen' or 'he appeared'.

तदा (tadā) - at that moment (of being surrounded) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Pārtha (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) by adding the patronymic suffix 'a'.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by dense clouds (by clouds, with clouds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghana

ghana - cloud, dense, solid

Note: Instrumental plural, agent of 'āvṛtaḥ' in simile.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, sun-god

Note: Used in simile with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, similar to (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered (by clouds) (covered, enveloped, concealed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, concealed, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'sūryaḥ'.