महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-68, verse-3

तेषां षष्टिशतानार्यान्प्रामथ्नात्पाण्डवः शरैः ।
ते स्म भीताः पलायन्त व्याघ्रात्क्षुद्रमृगा इव ॥३॥

3. teṣāṁ ṣaṣṭiśatānāryānprāmathnātpāṇḍavaḥ śaraiḥ ,
te sma bhītāḥ palāyanta vyāghrātkṣudramṛgā iva.

3. teṣām ṣaṣṭiśatāni āryān prāmathnāt pāṇḍavaḥ śaraiḥ
te sma bhītāḥ palāyanta vyāghrāt kṣudramṛgāḥ iva

3. pāṇḍavaḥ teṣām āryān ṣaṣṭiśatāni śaraiḥ prāmathnāt
te sma bhītāḥ vyāghrāt kṣudramṛgāḥ iva palāyanta

3. The Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) struck down six hundred noble warriors from among them with his arrows. Frightened, they indeed fled like small deer from a tiger.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors from the tribes mentioned in the previous verse) (of them, their)

• षष्टिशतानि (ṣaṣṭiśatāni) - six hundred (warriors) (six hundreds, six hundred)

• आर्यान् (āryān) - noble warriors (who were struck down) (noble ones, respectable ones)

• प्रामथ्नात् (prāmathnāt) - he (Arjuna) crushed/struck down (he crushed, he churned, he harassed)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (the son of Pāṇḍu, Arjuna (or other Pāṇḍavas))

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (as the instrument of striking) (with arrows)

• ते (te) - they (the remaining warriors) (they, those)

• स्म (sma) - indeed (emphasizing their fear and flight) (indeed, truly (converts present tense to past))

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened (describing the fleeing warriors) (frightened, terrified)

• पलायन्त (palāyanta) - they (the warriors) fled (they fled, they ran away)

• व्याघ्रात् (vyāghrāt) - from a tiger (source of fear) (from a tiger)

• क्षुद्रमृगाः (kṣudramṛgāḥ) - small deer (as a simile for the fleeing warriors) (small deer, small animals)

• इव (iva) - like (introducing a simile) (like, as, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors from the tribes mentioned in the previous verse) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the warriors from Abhīṣāhas, Śūrasenas, etc.

षष्टिशतानि (ṣaṣṭiśatāni) - six hundred (warriors) (six hundreds, six hundred)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ṣaṣṭiśata

ṣaṣṭiśata - six hundred

Compound: ṣaṣṭi (sixty) + śata (hundred).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ṣaṣṭi+śata)

• ṣaṣṭi – sixty
  numeral (feminine)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'prāmathnāt'.

आर्यान् (āryān) - noble warriors (who were struck down) (noble ones, respectable ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, Aryan

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied noun 'warriors' or takes on the role of a noun itself.

प्रामथ्नात् (prāmathnāt) - he (Arjuna) crushed/struck down (he crushed, he churned, he harassed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-math

Imperfect tense, parasmaipada.

Prefix: pra

Root: math (class 9)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (the son of Pāṇḍu, Arjuna (or other Pāṇḍavas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, especially Arjuna

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of 'prāmathnāt'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (as the instrument of striking) (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)

ते (te) - they (the remaining warriors) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'palāyanta'.

स्म (sma) - indeed (emphasizing their fear and flight) (indeed, truly (converts present tense to past))

(indeclinable)

Past tense indicator particle.

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened (describing the fleeing warriors) (frightened, terrified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified, scared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'te'.

पलायन्त (palāyanta) - they (the warriors) fled (they fled, they ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of palāy

Imperfect tense, middle voice. Root iṇ (to go) with prefix parā.

Prefix: parā

Root: iṇ (class 2)

व्याघ्रात् (vyāghrāt) - from a tiger (source of fear) (from a tiger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vyāghra

vyāghra - tiger

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source from which one flees, hence ablative.

क्षुद्रमृगाः (kṣudramṛgāḥ) - small deer (as a simile for the fleeing warriors) (small deer, small animals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣudramṛga

kṣudramṛga - small deer, small animal

Compound: kṣudra (small) + mṛga (deer/animal).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (kṣudra+mṛga)

• kṣudra – small, tiny, insignificant
  adjective (masculine)
• mṛga – deer, animal, beast
  noun (masculine)
  From root mṛg (to hunt).
  Root: mṛg (class 6)

Note: Subject of the implied verb in the simile 'like small deer (fled)'.

इव (iva) - like (introducing a simile) (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle for comparison.