महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-68, verse-14

क्षते क्षारं स हि ददौ पाण्डवस्य महात्मनः ।
पार्थोऽपि भृशसंविद्धो ध्वजयष्टिं समाश्रितः ॥१४॥

14. kṣate kṣāraṁ sa hi dadau pāṇḍavasya mahātmanaḥ ,
pārtho'pi bhṛśasaṁviddho dhvajayaṣṭiṁ samāśritaḥ.

14. kṣate kṣāram saḥ hi dadau pāṇḍavasya mahātmanaḥ
pārthaḥ api bhṛśasaṃviddhaḥ dhvajayaṣṭim samāśritaḥ

14. saḥ hi mahātmanaḥ pāṇḍavasya kṣate kṣāram dadau
pārthaḥ api bhṛśasaṃviddhaḥ dhvajayaṣṭim samāśritaḥ

14. He (Bhīṣma) indeed applied a caustic substance (kṣāra) to the wound of the great-souled (mahātman) Pāṇḍava (Arjuna). Pārtha (Arjuna) also, being deeply pierced, leaned upon his flagstaff.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षते (kṣate) - in the wound, at the injury

• क्षारम् (kṣāram) - a caustic substance (caustic, alkaline substance, salt)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhīṣma) (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, for, because, certainly)

• ददौ (dadau) - applied (gave, offered, applied)

• पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of Arjuna (of the son of Pāṇḍu, of a Pāṇḍava)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (Arjuna) (of the great-souled, of the noble)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• भृशसंविद्धः (bhṛśasaṁviddhaḥ) - deeply wounded, severely pierced

• ध्वजयष्टिम् (dhvajayaṣṭim) - flagstaff, banner-pole

• समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - leaned upon (resorted to, took refuge in, leaned upon)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षते (kṣate) - in the wound, at the injury

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣata

kṣata - wound, injury, damage

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root kṣaṇ (to wound, hurt)

Root: kṣaṇ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the location where the caustic was applied.

क्षारम् (kṣāram) - a caustic substance (caustic, alkaline substance, salt)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣāra

kṣāra - caustic, alkaline substance, salt, pungent

From root kṣar (to flow, melt)

Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dadau'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhīṣma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the subject, Bhīṣma.

हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, for, because, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

ददौ (dadau) - applied (gave, offered, applied)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of dā

Perfect Tense (Lit)

Perfect form of root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of Arjuna (of the son of Pāṇḍu, of a Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu (name of king)

Note: Possessive case, relating to 'kṣate'.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (Arjuna) (of the great-souled, of the noble)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, great self (ātman)

Compound: mahā (great) + ātman (soul/self)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavasya'.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates that Pārtha also experienced something.

भृशसंविद्धः (bhṛśasaṁviddhaḥ) - deeply wounded, severely pierced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśasaṃviddha

bhṛśasaṁviddha - deeply pierced, severely wounded

Past Passive Participle

Compound: bhṛśa (very) + saṃviddha (pierced, wounded); saṃviddha from sam-vyadh

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛśa+saṃviddha)

• bhṛśa – very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• saṃviddha – pierced, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vyadh (to pierce) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pārthaḥ'.

ध्वजयष्टिम् (dhvajayaṣṭim) - flagstaff, banner-pole

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhvajayaṣṭi

dhvajayaṣṭi - flagstaff, banner-pole

Compound: dhvaja (flag) + yaṣṭi (staff)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhvaja+yaṣṭi)

• dhvaja – flag, banner
  noun (masculine)
• yaṣṭi – stick, staff, pole
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'samāśritaḥ'.

समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - leaned upon (resorted to, took refuge in, leaned upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāśrita

samāśrita - resorted to, leaned upon, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

From root śri (to lean, resort) with prefixes sam-ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with 'pārthaḥ', implying 'was leaning'.