महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-68, verse-4

ते निवृत्य पुनः पार्थं सर्वतः पर्यवारयन् ।
रणे सपत्नान्निघ्नन्तं जिगीषन्तन्परान्युधि ॥४॥

4. te nivṛtya punaḥ pārthaṁ sarvataḥ paryavārayan ,
raṇe sapatnānnighnantaṁ jigīṣantanparānyudhi.

4. te nivṛtya punaḥ pārtham sarvataḥ paryavārayan
raṇe sapatnān nighnantam jigīṣantam parān yudhi

4. te nivṛtya punaḥ raṇe yudhi sapatnān nighnantam
parān jigīṣantam pārtham sarvataḥ paryavārayan

4. They, having turned back, again surrounded Partha (Arjuna) from all sides, as he was slaying his enemies and striving to conquer his foes in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kunti) (to Partha, to Arjuna)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, all around

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encompassed

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

• सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - enemies, rivals

• निघ्नन्तम् (nighnantam) - Arjuna, who was killing (killing, slaying (one who is killing))

• जिगीषन्तम् (jigīṣantam) - Arjuna, who was desiring to conquer (desiring to conquer (one who is desiring to conquer))

• परान् (parān) - hostile enemies (other, hostile, enemies)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from the root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni', forming an absolutive (gerund) indicating completion of action.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

(indeclinable)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kunti) (to Partha, to Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti), meaning 'son of Pṛthā'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas (सर्वतः) indicating 'from all'.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encompassed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryavāray

Imperfect, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root 'vṛ' with prefixes 'pari' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - enemies, rivals

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, co-wife

निघ्नन्तम् (nighnantam) - Arjuna, who was killing (killing, slaying (one who is killing))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - killing, slaying

present active participle

Present active participle of the root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies Pārtham

जिगीषन्तम् (jigīṣantam) - Arjuna, who was desiring to conquer (desiring to conquer (one who is desiring to conquer))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jigīṣat

jigīṣat - desiring to conquer, wishing to win

desiderative present participle

Desiderative of the root 'ji' (to conquer), forming a present participle.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies Pārtham

परान् (parān) - hostile enemies (other, hostile, enemies)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, distant, supreme, enemy

Note: Here used as a noun meaning 'enemies'

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war