महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-41

उपदिष्टो वधोपायः कर्णस्य गुरुणा स्वयम् ।
व्यायच्छतश्च खड्गेन द्विधा खड्गं चकार ह ॥४१॥

41. upadiṣṭo vadhopāyaḥ karṇasya guruṇā svayam ,
vyāyacchataśca khaḍgena dvidhā khaḍgaṁ cakāra ha.

41. upadiṣṭaḥ vadhopāyaḥ karṇasya guruṇā svayam
vyāyacchataḥ ca khaḍgena dvidhā khaḍgam cakāra ha

41. karṇasya vadhopāyaḥ guruṇā svayam upadiṣṭaḥ ca
vyāyacchataḥ khaḍgena khaḍgam dvidhā cakāra ha

41. The method for slaying Karṇa was personally taught by the teacher (guru). And while Karṇa was struggling, (Arjuna) indeed broke his (Karṇa's) sword into two with (Arjuna's) own sword.

Words meanings summery:

• उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, advised, taught

• वधोपायः (vadhopāyaḥ) - The strategy to defeat Karṇa. (means of killing, method of slaying)

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - The legendary warrior Karṇa, half-brother of the Pāṇḍavas. (of Karṇa)

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - Refers to Droṇa, the guru (teacher) of both Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (by the teacher (guru))

• स्वयम् (svayam) - The teacher himself, not through an intermediary. (oneself, personally, by oneself)

• व्यायच्छतः (vyāyacchataḥ) - Of Karṇa, while he was struggling to free his chariot wheel or fight. (of one who is striving, of one who is struggling)

• च (ca) - and, also

• खड्गेन (khaḍgena) - With Arjuna's sword. (with a sword)

• द्विधा (dvidhā) - Refers to the sword being broken into two pieces. (in two parts, twofold, in two ways)

• खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - Karṇa's sword. (sword)

• चकार (cakāra) - Broke (into two). (did, made, performed)

• ह (ha) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, verily, surely)

Words meanings and morphology

उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, advised, taught

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - instructed, taught, shown, indicated

Past Passive Participle

From root diś- (to point, show) with prefix upa-, suffix -ta.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with vadhopāyaḥ

वधोपायः (vadhopāyaḥ) - The strategy to defeat Karṇa. (means of killing, method of slaying)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhopāya

vadhopāya - means of killing, method of slaying

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vadha+upāya)

• vadha – killing, slaying, striking
  noun (masculine)
  from root han- (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• upāya – means, expedient, stratagem, approach
  noun (masculine)
  from upa + i (to go)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - The legendary warrior Karṇa, half-brother of the Pāṇḍavas. (of Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper noun), ear

Note: Possessive, "of Karṇa"

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - Refers to Droṇa, the guru (teacher) of both Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (by the teacher (guru))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide, heavy, venerable (guru)

Root: gṛ

Note: Agent of upadiṣṭaḥ

स्वयम् (svayam) - The teacher himself, not through an intermediary. (oneself, personally, by oneself)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'sva' (self).

Note: Emphasizes guruṇā

व्यायच्छतः (vyāyacchataḥ) - Of Karṇa, while he was struggling to free his chariot wheel or fight. (of one who is striving, of one who is struggling)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyāyacchat

vyāyacchat - striving, exerting oneself, struggling

Present Active Participle

From root yam- (to restrain, control) with prefixes vi-ā-.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied Karṇa

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses

खड्गेन (khaḍgena) - With Arjuna's sword. (with a sword)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar

Root: khaḍg

द्विधा (dvidhā) - Refers to the sword being broken into two pieces. (in two parts, twofold, in two ways)

(indeclinable)

From dvi (two) + dhā (suffix indicating manner/division).

खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - Karṇa's sword. (sword)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar

Root: khaḍg

चकार (cakāra) - Broke (into two). (did, made, performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect

3rd person singular perfect active (lit).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The implied subject is Arjuna

ह (ha) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)