महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-37

कथमस्मासु जीवत्सु त्वयि चैव जनार्दन ।
हैडिम्बः प्राप्तवान्मृत्युं सूतपुत्रेण संगतः ॥३७॥

37. kathamasmāsu jīvatsu tvayi caiva janārdana ,
haiḍimbaḥ prāptavānmṛtyuṁ sūtaputreṇa saṁgataḥ.

37. katham asmāsu jīvatsu tvayi ca eva janārdana
haiḍimbaḥ prāptavān mṛtyum sūtaputreṇa saṅgataḥ

37. janārdana katham asmāsu jīvatsu ca eva tvayi [jīvatsu]
haiḍimbaḥ sūtaputreṇa saṅgataḥ mṛtyum prāptavān

37. O Janārdana (Krishna), how is it that Hiḍimbā's son (Ghaṭotkaca) met his death at the hands of Karṇa, the son of the charioteer, while we and you are still alive?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? why? in what manner?

• अस्मासु (asmāsu) - among us, in us, when we (are alive)

• जीवत्सु (jīvatsu) - while living, while alive

• त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, upon you, when you (are alive)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (Krishna)

• हैडिम्बः (haiḍimbaḥ) - Hiḍimbā's son (Ghaṭotkaca)

• प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - obtained, reached, gained

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by the son of a charioteer (Karṇa)

• सङ्गतः (saṅgataḥ) - encountered, at the hands of (accompanied by, having met, encountered, brought together)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? why? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

अस्मासु (asmāsu) - among us, in us, when we (are alive)

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us (first person pronoun)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

जीवत्सु (jīvatsu) - while living, while alive

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From root √jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, agreeing with 'asmāsu'.

त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, upon you, when you (are alive)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - O Krishna (agitator of men, punisher of wicked men, giver of wealth to men)

Derived from jana + ardana (agitator/punisher of people)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+ardana)

• jana – people, men, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ardana – agitating, causing pain, punishing, subduing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (functioning as agent noun)
  From root √ard (to pain, hurt, agitate)
  Root: ard (class 1)

हैडिम्बः (haiḍimbaḥ) - Hiḍimbā's son (Ghaṭotkaca)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haiḍimba

haiḍimba - son of Hiḍimbā (Ghaṭotkaca)

Patronymic from Hiḍimbā

प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - obtained, reached, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāptavat

prāptavat - having obtained, having reached, having gained

Past Active Participle

Formed from prefix pra + root √āp (to obtain) + -tavat suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as the main verb here, agreeing with 'haiḍimbaḥ'.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality

From root √mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by the son of a charioteer (Karṇa)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (an epithet for Karṇa)

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, one of mixed caste
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

सङ्गतः (saṅgataḥ) - encountered, at the hands of (accompanied by, having met, encountered, brought together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgata

saṅgata - joined, united, met, accompanied by, fit, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam + root √gam (to go) + -ta suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)