महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-36

एष द्रोणश्च कर्णश्च राजा चैव सुयोधनः ।
निहत्य राक्षसं युद्धे हृष्टा नर्दन्ति संयुगे ॥३६॥

36. eṣa droṇaśca karṇaśca rājā caiva suyodhanaḥ ,
nihatya rākṣasaṁ yuddhe hṛṣṭā nardanti saṁyuge.

36. eṣa droṇaḥ ca karṇaḥ ca rājā ca eva suyodhanaḥ
nihatya rākṣasam yuddhe hṛṣṭā nardanti saṃyuge

36. eṣa droṇaḥ ca karṇaḥ ca rājā suyodhanaḥ ca eva
yuddhe rākṣasam nihatya saṃyuge hṛṣṭā nardanti

36. Here, Droṇa, Karṇa, and King Suyodhana, having killed the demon in battle, are joyfully roaring in this engagement.

Words meanings summery:

• एष (eṣa) - this (masculine singular nominative)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• च (ca) - and, also

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, after killing, having struck down

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon, fiend

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the fight

• हृष्टा (hṛṣṭā) - joyful, delighted, thrilled (masculine plural nominative)

• नर्दन्ति (nardanti) - they roar, they shout, they bellow

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in the engagement, in the battle

Words meanings and morphology

एष (eṣa) - this (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a warrior, Brahmana, and teacher of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a great warrior, son of Kunti and Sūrya, raised by a charioteer)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (a name for Duryodhana, meaning 'good warrior' or 'one who fights well')

Compound of 'su' (good) and 'yodhana' (fighter)

Prefix: su

Root: yudh (class 4)

निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, after killing, having struck down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root √han with prefix ni + -tya suffix (absolutive)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon, fiend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, fiend, a class of malevolent beings

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (functioning as noun)

From root √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

हृष्टा (hṛṣṭā) - joyful, delighted, thrilled (masculine plural nominative)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, thrilled, excited

Past Passive Participle

From root √hṛṣ (to be excited, glad)

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied subjects (Droṇa, Karṇa, Suyodhana).

नर्दन्ति (nardanti) - they roar, they shout, they bellow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of nard

Root: nard (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in the engagement, in the battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, engagement, fight, war

From prefix sam- + root √yuj (to join, to fight)

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

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