महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-19

संजय उवाच ।
हते घटोत्कचे राजन्कर्णेन निशि राक्षसे ।
प्रणदत्सु च हृष्टेषु तावकेषु युयुत्सुषु ॥१९॥

19. saṁjaya uvāca ,
hate ghaṭotkace rājankarṇena niśi rākṣase ,
praṇadatsu ca hṛṣṭeṣu tāvakeṣu yuyutsuṣu.

19. sañjaya uvāca | hate ghaṭotkace rājan karṇena niśi
rākṣase | praṇadatsu ca hṛṣṭeṣu tāvakeṣu yuyutsuṣu

19. rājan,
ghaṭotkace rākṣase karṇena niśi hate,
ca tāvakeṣu yuyutsuṣu hṛṣṭeṣu praṇadatsu

19. Sanjaya said: "O King, when Ghaṭotkaca, the Rākṣasa, was killed by Karṇa at night, and your warriors, eager for battle, were shouting with joy, and... (the sentence continues in the next verse)."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हते (hate) - killed, struck down

• घटोत्कचे (ghaṭotkace) - in Ghaṭotkaca

• राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night

• राक्षसे (rākṣase) - in the Rākṣasa (demon)

• प्रणदत्सु (praṇadatsu) - shouting loudly

• च (ca) - and

• हृष्टेषु (hṛṣṭeṣu) - joyful, delighted

• तावकेषु (tāvakeṣu) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors (your (men), your side)

• युयुत्सुषु (yuyutsuṣu) - eager to fight, desirous of battle

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

From √vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

हते (hate) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill), past passive participle

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction.

घटोत्कचे (ghaṭotkace) - in Ghaṭotkaca

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ghaṭotkaca

ghaṭotkaca - Ghaṭotkaca (son of Bhīma)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'hate'.

राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name), ear

Note: Agent of killing.

निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

राक्षसे (rākṣase) - in the Rākṣasa (demon)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa, demon

Note: In agreement with ghaṭotkace in locative absolute.

प्रणदत्सु (praṇadatsu) - shouting loudly

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of praṇadat

praṇadat - shouting, roaring

Present Active Participle

From √nad (to sound, roar) with pra (forth), present active participle

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हृष्टेषु (hṛṣṭeṣu) - joyful, delighted

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From √hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice), past passive participle

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: In agreement with tāvakeṣu.

तावकेषु (tāvakeṣu) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors (your (men), your side)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you

Possessive adjective derived from 'tvad' (you)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction.

युयुत्सुषु (yuyutsuṣu) - eager to fight, desirous of battle

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - desirous of fighting, warlike, eager for battle

Desiderative adjective

From √yudh (to fight), desiderative stem + u

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: In agreement with tāvakeṣu.