महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-20

आपतत्सु च वेगेन वध्यमाने बलेऽपि च ।
विगाढायां रजन्यां च राजा दैन्यं परं गतः ॥२०॥

20. āpatatsu ca vegena vadhyamāne bale'pi ca ,
vigāḍhāyāṁ rajanyāṁ ca rājā dainyaṁ paraṁ gataḥ.

20. āpatatsu ca vegena vadhyamāne bale api ca |
vigāḍhāyām rajanyām ca rājā dainyaṃ paraṃ gataḥ

20. bale api vadhyamāne vegena āpatatsu ca,
rajanyām vigāḍhāyām ca,
rājā paraṃ dainyaṃ gataḥ.

20. ...and while (your) army, though being cut down, was attacking with speed, and as the night deepened, the King (Yudhiṣṭhira) fell into extreme misery.

Words meanings summery:

• आपतत्सु (āpatatsu) - attacking, falling upon

• च (ca) - and

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, forcibly

• वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - while being killed, being slain

• बले (bale) - the Kaurava army (in the army, in the force)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

• च (ca) - and

• विगाढायाम् (vigāḍhāyām) - deepened, advanced (feminine)

• रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

• च (ca) - and

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (the king)

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, wretchedness, dejection

• परम् (param) - supreme, extreme, highest

• गतः (gataḥ) - fell into (went, reached, obtained, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

आपतत्सु (āpatatsu) - attacking, falling upon

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - attacking, falling upon, approaching

Present Active Participle

From √pat (to fall) with ā (towards), present active participle

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: In agreement with 'bale' (implicitly referring to soldiers in the army).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, forcibly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, force, velocity

वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - while being killed, being slain

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill), present passive participle (ātmanepada), stem vadhyā-

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'bale'.

बले (bale) - the Kaurava army (in the army, in the force)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, force, army

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'vadhyamāne'.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विगाढायाम् (vigāḍhāyām) - deepened, advanced (feminine)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vigāḍha

vigāḍha - entered, penetrated, deep, advanced

Past Passive Participle

From √gāh (to plunge into) with vi (asunder, extensively), past passive participle, feminine locative singular

Prefix: vi

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'rajanyām'.

रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'vigāḍhāyām'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of the main clause.

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, wretchedness, dejection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - misery, wretchedness, dejection

From dīna (miserable), suffix -ya

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

परम् (param) - supreme, extreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, extreme, other

Note: In agreement with 'dainyam'.

गतः (gataḥ) - fell into (went, reached, obtained, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go), past passive participle

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.