महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-3

सा किमर्थं न कर्णेन प्रवृत्ते समरे पुरा ।
न देवकीसुते मुक्ता फल्गुने वापि संजय ॥३॥

3. sā kimarthaṁ na karṇena pravṛtte samare purā ,
na devakīsute muktā phalgune vāpi saṁjaya.

3. sā kimartham na karṇena pravṛtte samare purā
na devakī-sute muktā phalgune vā api sañjaya

3. sañjaya purā samare pravṛtte sā kimartham
karṇena na devakī-sute phalgune vā api muktā

3. O Sañjaya, why was that weapon not released by Karṇa previously, when the battle had begun, neither against the son of Devakī (Kṛṣṇa) nor against Arjuna?

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - that (divine weapon, śakti) (she, that (feminine nominative singular))

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• न (na) - not, no

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had begun (locative absolute with 'samare') (having begun, while going on, having started)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• न (na) - not, no

• देवकी-सुते (devakī-sute) - against the son of Devakī (Kṛṣṇa) (against the son of Devakī)

• मुक्ता (muktā) - released, discharged, freed

• फल्गुने (phalgune) - against Arjuna

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya!

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - that (divine weapon, śakti) (she, that (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a warrior's name)

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had begun (locative absolute with 'samare') (having begun, while going on, having started)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, started, engaged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root 'vṛt' with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

देवकी-सुते (devakī-sute) - against the son of Devakī (Kṛṣṇa) (against the son of Devakī)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of devakī-suta

devakī-suta - son of Devakī, Kṛṣṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (devakī+suta)

• devakī – Devakī (mother of Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative case used to indicate 'against' or 'towards'.

मुक्ता (muktā) - released, discharged, freed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, freed, discharged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root 'muc-'

Root: muc (class 6)

फल्गुने (phalgune) - against Arjuna

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (a Pandava prince)

Note: Locative case used to indicate 'against' or 'towards'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and advisor)