महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-14

सौमदत्तेर्वधाद्द्रोणमायस्तं सैन्धवस्य च ।
अमर्षाज्जीवितं त्यक्त्वा गाहमानं वरूथिनीम् ॥१४॥

14. saumadattervadhāddroṇamāyastaṁ saindhavasya ca ,
amarṣājjīvitaṁ tyaktvā gāhamānaṁ varūthinīm.

14. saumadatteḥ vadhāt droṇam āyastam saindhavasya
ca amarṣāt jīvitam tyaktvā gāhamānam varūthinīm

14. saumadatteḥ ca saindhavasya vadhāt amarṣāt jīvitam
tyaktvā varūthinīm gāhamānam āyastam droṇam

14. This verse describes Droṇa: exhausted due to the slaying of Saumadatti (Bhuriśravas) and Saṃdhava (Jayadratha), and, having abandoned his life (jīvitam) out of indignation (amarṣāt), he was plunging into the enemy ranks (varūthinīm).

Words meanings summery:

• सौमदत्तेः (saumadatteḥ) - of Saumadatti (Bhuriśravas)

• वधात् (vadhāt) - from the slaying, due to the killing

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• आयस्तम् (āyastam) - exhausted, troubled, wearied

• सैन्धवस्य (saindhavasya) - of Saṃdhava (Jayadratha)

• च (ca) - and

• अमर्षात् (amarṣāt) - from indignation, out of fury

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• गाहमानम् (gāhamānam) - plunging into the enemy ranks (plunging, entering, immersing oneself)

• वरूथिनीम् (varūthinīm) - enemy army/ranks (army, host, troops)

Words meanings and morphology

सौमदत्तेः (saumadatteḥ) - of Saumadatti (Bhuriśravas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saumadatti

saumadatti - Saumadatti (name of Bhuriśravas, son of Somadatta)

genitive singular of 'saumadatti'

Note: Refers to Bhuriśravas, whose death greatly enraged Droṇa.

वधात् (vadhāt) - from the slaying, due to the killing

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, striking

ablative singular of 'vadha'

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor in the Mahābhārata)

Note: This verse describes Droṇa, who is in the accusative case, likely referring back to an implicit object of action from a previous sentence.

आयस्तम् (āyastam) - exhausted, troubled, wearied

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyasta

āyasta - exhausted, wearied, troubled, distressed

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root 'yam' (to restrain, control) with upasarga 'ā' (implying 'drawn out', hence 'exhausted')

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Describes Droṇa.

सैन्धवस्य (saindhavasya) - of Saṃdhava (Jayadratha)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - king of Sindh; Jayadratha

genitive singular of 'saindhava'

Note: Refers to Jayadratha, whose death also grieved Droṇa.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अमर्षात् (amarṣāt) - from indignation, out of fury

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of amarṣa

amarṣa - indignation, impatience, anger, fury

ablative singular of 'amarṣa'

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause for his actions.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood, living

Past Passive Participle (originally) used as a noun

PPP of root 'jīv' (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

indeclinable past participle, formed with suffix '-ktvā'

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action.

गाहमानम् (gāhamānam) - plunging into the enemy ranks (plunging, entering, immersing oneself)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāhamāna

gāhamāna - plunging, entering, immersing oneself, attacking

Present Active Participle (middle voice)

Present participle of root 'gāh' (to plunge, enter), middle voice (śānac suffix)

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Describes Droṇa, indicating a continuous action.

वरूथिनीम् (varūthinīm) - enemy army/ranks (army, host, troops)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of varūthinī

varūthinī - army, host, troop; protective armor

Note: Object of 'gāhamānam'.