महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-18

सिन्धुराजवधेनेमे घटोत्कचवधेन ते ।
अमर्षिताः सुसंक्रुद्धा रणं चक्रुः कथं निशि ॥१८॥

18. sindhurājavadheneme ghaṭotkacavadhena te ,
amarṣitāḥ susaṁkruddhā raṇaṁ cakruḥ kathaṁ niśi.

18. sindhurājavadhena ime ghaṭotkacavadhena te
amarṣitāḥ susaṃkruddhāḥ raṇaṃ cakruḥ katham niśi

18. sindhurājavadhena ime amarṣitāḥ ghaṭotkacavadhena
te susaṃkruddhāḥ niśi raṇam katham cakruḥ

18. How did these (my men), indignant over the slaying of the King of Sindhu (Jayadratha), and those (Pandavas), greatly enraged by the slaying of Ghaṭotkaca, fight at night?

Words meanings summery:

• सिन्धुराजवधेन (sindhurājavadhena) - by the slaying of Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu (by the slaying of the king of Sindhu)

• इमे (ime) - these (my men, the Kauravas) (these)

• घटोत्कचवधेन (ghaṭotkacavadhena) - by the slaying of Ghatotkacha

• ते (te) - those (the Pandavas) (those)

• अमर्षिताः (amarṣitāḥ) - indignant, enraged, impatient

• सुसंक्रुद्धाः (susaṁkruddhāḥ) - greatly enraged, highly incensed

• रणं (raṇaṁ) - battle, combat

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they fought (lit. they made battle) (they did, they made, they performed)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• निशि (niśi) - at night

Words meanings and morphology

सिन्धुराजवधेन (sindhurājavadhena) - by the slaying of Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu (by the slaying of the king of Sindhu)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sindhurājavadha

sindhurājavadha - slaying of the king of Sindhu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhurāja+vadha)

• sindhurāja – king of Sindhu, Jayadratha
  proper noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaying, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vadh (class 1)

इमे (ime) - these (my men, the Kauravas) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

घटोत्कचवधेन (ghaṭotkacavadhena) - by the slaying of Ghatotkacha

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ghaṭotkacavadha

ghaṭotkacavadha - slaying of Ghatotkacha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ghaṭotkaca+vadha)

• ghaṭotkaca – Ghatotkacha (son of Bhima and Hidimba)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaying, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vadh (class 1)

ते (te) - those (the Pandavas) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अमर्षिताः (amarṣitāḥ) - indignant, enraged, impatient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amarṣita

amarṣita - indignant, enraged, impatient

Past Passive Participle (secondary)

derived from root 'mṛṣ' with negative 'a' prefix

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

सुसंक्रुद्धाः (susaṁkruddhāḥ) - greatly enraged, highly incensed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - greatly enraged, highly incensed

Past Passive Participle (secondary)

derived from root 'krudh' with upasargas 'su' and 'sam'

Prefixes: su+sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

रणं (raṇaṁ) - battle, combat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they fought (lit. they made battle) (they did, they made, they performed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

निशि (niśi) - at night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

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