महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-23

तं तथा व्यथितं दृष्ट्वा कृष्णो वचनमब्रवीत् ।
मा व्यथां कुरु कौन्तेय नैतत्त्वय्युपपद्यते ।
वैक्लव्यं भरतश्रेष्ठ यथा प्राकृतपूरुषे ॥२३॥

23. taṁ tathā vyathitaṁ dṛṣṭvā kṛṣṇo vacanamabravīt ,
mā vyathāṁ kuru kaunteya naitattvayyupapadyate ,
vaiklavyaṁ bharataśreṣṭha yathā prākṛtapūruṣe.

23. tam tathā vyathitam dṛṣṭvā kṛṣṇaḥ
vacanam abravīt mā vyathām kuru kaunteya
na etat tvayi upapadyate vaiklavyam
bharataśreṣṭha yathā prākṛtapūruṣe

23. kṛṣṇaḥ tam tathā vyathitam dṛṣṭvā
vacanam abravīt kaunteya mā vyathām kuru
etat tvayi na upapadyate bharataśreṣṭha
vaiklavyam yathā prākṛtapūruṣe

23. Seeing him thus distressed, Krishna spoke these words: "Do not be so distressed, O son of Kunti, for this is not fitting for you. Such faint-heartedness, O best among the Bharatas, is like that of an ordinary person (puruṣa)."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Yudhishthira) (him)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed, agitated, troubled

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, told

• मा (mā) - do not, not (prohibitive)

• व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, pain, anxiety, suffering

• कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti (Yudhishthira) (O son of Kunti)

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - this, this here

• त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, to you

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is suitable, is fitting, occurs, happens

• वैक्लव्यम् (vaiklavyam) - faint-heartedness, despondency, weakness, perturbation

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best among Bharatas (Yudhishthira) (O best among Bharatas, O most excellent of the Bharatas)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• प्राकृतपूरुषे (prākṛtapūruṣe) - in an ordinary person, in a common man

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Yudhishthira) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed, agitated, troubled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, agitated, troubled, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vyath (to waver, tremble, be troubled) with the suffix -ita.

Root: vyath (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna (name of a deity and character in the Mahabharata)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, statement

Derived from the root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect 3rd singular active form.

Root: brū (class 2)

मा (mā) - do not, not (prohibitive)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for prohibition with injunctive or imperative.

व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, pain, anxiety, suffering

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - distress, pain, anxiety, suffering, trouble

Derived from the root √vyath (to waver, tremble, be troubled).

Root: vyath (class 1)

कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative 2nd singular active form.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti (Yudhishthira) (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima)

Patronymic derived from Kuntī.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, this here

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, to you

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is suitable, is fitting, occurs, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upapad

Present 3rd singular middle form.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

वैक्लव्यम् (vaiklavyam) - faint-heartedness, despondency, weakness, perturbation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaiklavya

vaiklavya - faint-heartedness, despondency, weakness, perturbation, agitation

Derived from viklavā (agitated, confused) + -ya.

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best among Bharatas (Yudhishthira) (O best among Bharatas, O most excellent of the Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among Bharatas, most excellent of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king, a warrior; an actor
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (from pra-√śaṃs).

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

प्राकृतपूरुषे (prākṛtapūruṣe) - in an ordinary person, in a common man

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prākṛtapūruṣa

prākṛtapūruṣa - an ordinary person, a common man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prākṛta+puruṣa)

• prākṛta – natural, common, ordinary, vulgar
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from prakṛti (nature) with suffix -a.
• puruṣa – man, person, male being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)