महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-158, verse-38

कदर्थीकृत्य नः सर्वान्पश्यतः सव्यसाचिनः ।
निहतो राक्षसः कृष्ण भैमसेनिर्महाबलः ॥३८॥

38. kadarthīkṛtya naḥ sarvānpaśyataḥ savyasācinaḥ ,
nihato rākṣasaḥ kṛṣṇa bhaimasenirmahābalaḥ.

38. kadarthīkṛtya naḥ sarvān paśyataḥ savyasācinaḥ
nihataḥ rākṣasaḥ kṛṣṇa bhaimaseniḥ mahābalaḥ

38. kṛṣṇa savyasācinaḥ paśyataḥ sarvān naḥ kadarthīkṛtya
mahābalaḥ bhaimaseniḥ rākṣasaḥ [katham] nihataḥ

38. O Krishna, how could the immensely powerful demon (Ghaṭotkaca), Bhīmasena's son, be killed, after he had humiliated all of us while Savyasācin (Arjuna) was watching?

Words meanings summery:

• कदर्थीकृत्य (kadarthīkṛtya) - having humiliated, having disregarded, having treated badly/contemptuously

• नः (naḥ) - us (accusative plural)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - of the seeing one, while looking on

• सव्यसाचिनः (savyasācinaḥ) - of Savyasācin (Arjuna)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, slain

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon, fiend

• कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna

• भैमसेनिः (bhaimaseniḥ) - son of Bhīmasena (Ghaṭotkaca)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, immensely strong

Words meanings and morphology

कदर्थीकृत्य (kadarthīkṛtya) - having humiliated, having disregarded, having treated badly/contemptuously

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from kadartha (bad purpose/value) + √kṛ (to do, make) + -tya suffix (absolutive). Kadartha is a compound of ku (bad) + artha (purpose/meaning/value).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies the demon's actions, creating a state of humiliation for 'us'.

नः (naḥ) - us (accusative plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us (first person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form of the pronoun.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'naḥ'.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - of the seeing one, while looking on

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, observing

Present Active Participle

From root √dṛś (to see), using the present stem 'paśya'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction, agreeing with 'savyasācinaḥ'.

सव्यसाचिनः (savyasācinaḥ) - of Savyasācin (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - Savyasācin (Arjuna, 'one who can shoot with both hands')

Bahuvrihi compound: savya (left) + sācin (shooter/archer)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left (hand), south
  adjective
• sācin – shooting, aiming, an archer
  noun (masculine)
  From root √sac (to attach, aim) or √sā (to sharpen, pierce)
  Root: sac (class 1)

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed, slain

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ni + root √han (to strike, kill) + -ta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon, fiend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, fiend, a class of malevolent beings

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna (an incarnation of Viṣṇu, dark-colored)

भैमसेनिः (bhaimaseniḥ) - son of Bhīmasena (Ghaṭotkaca)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhaimaseni

bhaimaseni - son of Bhīmasena (Ghaṭotkaca)

Patronymic from Bhīmasena

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, immensely strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - immensely powerful, very strong, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ' and 'bhaimaseniḥ'.