महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-154, verse-53

यासौ राजन्निहिता वर्षपूगान्वधायाजौ सत्कृता फल्गुनस्य ।
यां वै प्रादात्सूतपुत्राय शक्रः शक्तिं श्रेष्ठां कुण्डलाभ्यां निमाय ॥५३॥

53. yāsau rājannihitā varṣapūgā;nvadhāyājau satkṛtā phalgunasya ,
yāṁ vai prādātsūtaputrāya śakraḥ; śaktiṁ śreṣṭhāṁ kuṇḍalābhyāṁ nimāya.

53. yā asau rājan nihitā varṣapūgān
vadhāya ājau satkṛtā phalgunasya |
yām vai prādāt sūtaputrāya śakraḥ
śaktim śreṣṭhām kuṇḍalābhyām nimāya

53. rājan yā asau varṣapūgān ājau
phalgunasya vadhāya nihitā satkṛtā
yām śakraḥ kuṇḍalābhyām nimāya vai
sūtaputrāya śreṣṭhām śaktim prādāt

53. O King, that famous spear (śakti), which had been preserved for many years for the purpose of slaying Arjuna in battle, and which Indra had indeed given to Karṇa, the son of the charioteer, in exchange for his earrings...

Words meanings summery:

• या (yā) - which, that which

• असौ (asau) - that, she

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• निहिता (nihitā) - placed, deposited, kept

• वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - for many years, for a multitude of years

• वधाय (vadhāya) - for killing, for slaying

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the conflict

• सत्कृता (satkṛtā) - honored, well-prepared, made ready

• फल्गुनस्य (phalgunasya) - of Arjuna

• याम् (yām) - which (feminine, accusative)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• प्रादात् (prādāt) - gave, bestowed

• सूतपुत्राय (sūtaputrāya) - to Karna (to the son of the charioteer)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

• शक्तिम् (śaktim) - the divine spear given to Karna (spear, dart, power, ability)

• श्रेष्ठाम् (śreṣṭhām) - most excellent, best, supreme

• कुण्डलाभ्याम् (kuṇḍalābhyām) - with the two earrings, in exchange for the two earrings

• निमाय (nimāya) - having exchanged, having bartered

Words meanings and morphology

या (yā) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

असौ (asau) - that, she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of adas

adas - that (remote), yonder

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

निहिता (nihitā) - placed, deposited, kept

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nihita

nihita - placed, deposited, kept, laid down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place, put) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - for many years, for a multitude of years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṣapūga

varṣapūga - a multitude of years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+pūga)

• varṣa – year; rain
  noun (neuter)
• pūga – multitude, heap, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for many years'

वधाय (vadhāya) - for killing, for slaying

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, murder

Derived from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - contest, fight, battle, race

सत्कृता (satkṛtā) - honored, well-prepared, made ready

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satkṛta

satkṛta - honored, respected, well-treated, prepared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix sat- (as in 'good', 'real')

Prefix: sat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

फल्गुनस्य (phalgunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (a name of Arjuna)

याम् (yām) - which (feminine, accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

प्रादात् (prādāt) - gave, bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of prādā

Aorist

3rd person singular aorist form of pra-dā

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

सूतपुत्राय (sūtaputrāya) - to Karna (to the son of the charioteer)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer; a mixed caste
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra; powerful, mighty

शक्तिम् (śaktim) - the divine spear given to Karna (spear, dart, power, ability)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, ability, energy; a spear, dart

श्रेष्ठाम् (śreṣṭhām) - most excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, most eminent, chief

Superlative degree of praśasya (praiseworthy)

कुण्डलाभ्याम् (kuṇḍalābhyām) - with the two earrings, in exchange for the two earrings

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

Note: Can also be dative/ablative dual. Here, instrumental indicates 'in exchange for'.

निमाय (nimāya) - having exchanged, having bartered

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from root mā (to measure, exchange) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: mā (class 2)