महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-154, verse-13

आस्थाय तं काञ्चनरत्नचित्रं रथोत्तमं सिंह इवोन्ननाद ।
वैकर्तनं कर्णमुपेत्य चापि विव्याध वज्रप्रतिमैः पृषत्कैः ॥१३॥

13. āsthāya taṁ kāñcanaratnacitraṁ; rathottamaṁ siṁha ivonnanāda ,
vaikartanaṁ karṇamupetya cāpi; vivyādha vajrapratimaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ.

13. āsthāya tam kāñcanaratnacitram
rathottamam siṃhaḥ iva unnanaāda |
vaikartanam karṇam upetya ca api
vivyādha vajrapratimaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ

13. tam kāñcanaratnacitram rathottamam āsthāya,
siṃhaḥ iva unnanaāda.
ca vaikartanam karṇam upetya api,
vajrapratimaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ vivyādha.

13. He mounted that splendid chariot, adorned with gold and jewels, and roared like a lion. Then, having approached Karna, the son of Vikartana, he also struck him with arrows as powerful as thunderbolts.

Words meanings summery:

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken a position

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• काञ्चनरत्नचित्रम् (kāñcanaratnacitram) - adorned with gold and jewels

• रथोत्तमम् (rathottamam) - excellent chariot, best of chariots

• सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उन्ननआद (unnanaāda) - roared, made a loud sound

• वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna, son of Vikartana

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper name)

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, hit

• वज्रप्रतिमैः (vajrapratimaiḥ) - resembling thunderbolts, like vajras

• पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken a position

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after a prefix, indicating a preceding action.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'rathottamam'.

काञ्चनरत्नचित्रम् (kāñcanaratnacitram) - adorned with gold and jewels

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāñcanaratnacitra

kāñcanaratnacitra - adorned with gold and jewels

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāñcana+ratna+citra)

• kāñcana – gold
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from kañcana (gold)
• ratna – jewel, gem, treasure
  noun (neuter)
• citra – adorned, variegated, painted, wonderful
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'rathottamam'.

रथोत्तमम् (rathottamam) - excellent chariot, best of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - best chariot, excellent chariot

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of ud (up)
  Prefix: ut

Note: Object of 'āsthāya'.

सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Subject of comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

उन्ननआद (unnanaāda) - roared, made a loud sound

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of unnad

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit) of root 'nad' with 'ud' prefix.

Prefix: ud

Root: nad (class 1)

वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna, son of Vikartana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikartana (Surya, the Sun god); Karna

Patronymic derivative from Vikartana.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name), ear

Note: Object of 'upetya' and 'vivyādha'.

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after a prefix.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vyadh

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit) of root 'vyadh'.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

वज्रप्रतिमैः (vajrapratimaiḥ) - resembling thunderbolts, like vajras

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vajrapratima

vajrapratima - resembling a thunderbolt, like a vajra

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vajra+pratima)

• vajra – thunderbolt (Indra's weapon), diamond
  noun (masculine)
• pratima – image, likeness, resemblance, equal to
  noun (feminine)
  From prati + mā (to measure/compare)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: mā (class 2)

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - arrow

Note: Means of action for 'vivyādha'.