महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-154, verse-51

स वध्यमानो रक्षसा वै निशीथे दृष्ट्वा राजन्नश्यमानं बलं च ।
महच्च श्रुत्वा निनदं कौरवाणां मतिं दध्रे शक्तिमोक्षाय कर्णः ॥५१॥

51. sa vadhyamāno rakṣasā vai niśīthe; dṛṣṭvā rājannaśyamānaṁ balaṁ ca ,
mahacca śrutvā ninadaṁ kauravāṇāṁ; matiṁ dadhre śaktimokṣāya karṇaḥ.

51. saḥ vadhyamānaḥ rakṣasā vai niśīthe
dṛṣṭvā rājan naśyamānam balam ca
mahat ca śrutvā ninadam kauravāṇām
matim dadhre śaktimokṣāya karṇaḥ

51. rājan saḥ karṇaḥ rakṣasā vai niśīthe
vadhyamānaḥ naśyamānam balam ca
dṛṣṭvā kauravāṇām mahat ninadam ca
śrutvā śaktimokṣāya matim dadhre

51. O King, Karna, being hard-pressed by the demon in the middle of the night, and having seen his army perishing, and having heard the great cry of the Kauravas, then resolved to release the spear (śakti) for the demon's destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Karna (he, that)

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - Karna, being hard-pressed/attacked by the demon (being killed, being struck, being attacked, being destroyed)

• रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by the demon Ghatotkacha (by the demon, by the Rākṣasa)

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• निशीथे (niśīthe) - in the middle of the night

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhritarashtra (O King)

• नश्यमानम् (naśyamānam) - the army that was being destroyed (perishing, being destroyed)

• बलम् (balam) - Karna's army (army, force, strength)

• च (ca) - and

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• च (ca) - and

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• निनदम् (ninadam) - the battle cry or distress cry of the Kauravas (roar, sound, cry)

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• मतिम् (matim) - the decision to use the spear (mind, thought, intention, decision)

• दध्रे (dadhre) - he held, he took, he made (a decision)

• शक्तिमोक्षाय (śaktimokṣāya) - for using the divine spear (for the release of the spear (śakti))

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Karna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - Karna, being hard-pressed/attacked by the demon (being killed, being struck, being attacked, being destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being destroyed, being struck down

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root vadh (to strike, kill) in the passive sense, with present participle suffix -māna.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Karna).

रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by the demon Ghatotkacha (by the demon, by the Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, Rākṣasa

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

निशीथे (niśīthe) - in the middle of the night

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśītha

niśītha - middle of the night, midnight

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhritarashtra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

नश्यमानम् (naśyamānam) - the army that was being destroyed (perishing, being destroyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naśyamāna

naśyamāna - perishing, being lost, disappearing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root naś (to perish) with present participle suffix -māna (middle voice).

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - Karna's army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force; army, troop

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'ninadam' (neuter form of mahat used with a masculine noun ninada in some contexts or a general 'greatness'). Here, used as masculine accusative singular, matching 'ninadam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

निनदम् (ninadam) - the battle cry or distress cry of the Kauravas (roar, sound, cry)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ninada

ninada - sound, noise, roar, cry

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru; a member of the Kaurava family

मतिम् (matim) - the decision to use the spear (mind, thought, intention, decision)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, intelligence, intention, resolution

Root: man (class 4)

दध्रे (dadhre) - he held, he took, he made (a decision)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of dhā

Perfect Third Person Singular

Root dhā (to put, hold), perfect tense third person singular middle voice form.

Root: dhā (class 3)

शक्तिमोक्षाय (śaktimokṣāya) - for using the divine spear (for the release of the spear (śakti))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of śaktimokṣa

śaktimokṣa - release of the spear, discharge of power

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śakti+mokṣa)

• śakti – power, strength, spear
  noun (feminine)
• mokṣa – release, liberation, discharge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: muc (class 6)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (son of Sūrya and Kuntī)