महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-154, verse-42

तस्मिन्संक्रन्दे तुमुले वर्तमाने सैन्ये भग्ने लीयमाने कुरूणाम् ।
अनीकानां प्रविभागेऽप्रकाशे न ज्ञायन्ते कुरवो नेतरे वा ॥४२॥

42. tasminsaṁkrande tumule vartamāne; sainye bhagne līyamāne kurūṇām ,
anīkānāṁ pravibhāge'prakāśe; na jñāyante kuravo netare vā.

42. tasmin saṃkrande tumule vartamāne
sainye bhagne līyamāne kurūṇām
anīkānām pravibhāge aprakāśe
na jñāyante kuravaḥ na itare vā

42. As that fierce tumult (saṃkranda) raged and the army of the Kurus was routed and disintegrated, amidst the indiscernible division of the troops, neither the Kurus nor anyone else could be distinguished.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• संक्रन्दे (saṁkrande) - in the uproar, in the tumult, in the battle

• तुमुले (tumule) - fierce, turbulent, noisy

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - occurring, raging, being present

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

• भग्ने (bhagne) - broken, routed, shattered

• लीयमाने (līyamāne) - disappearing, melting away, dissolving

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• अनीकानाम् (anīkānām) - of the troops, of the armies

• प्रविभागे (pravibhāge) - in the division, in the separation

• अप्रकाशे (aprakāśe) - indistinguishable, obscure, dark

• न (na) - not, no

• ज्ञायन्ते (jñāyante) - they are known, they are distinguished

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

• न (na) - not, no

• इतरे (itare) - others

• वा (vā) - or, either

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

संक्रन्दे (saṁkrande) - in the uproar, in the tumult, in the battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkranda

saṁkranda - uproar, great cry, battle, tumult

Prefix: sam

Root: krand (class 1)

तुमुले (tumule) - fierce, turbulent, noisy

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, turbulent, fierce, noisy

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - occurring, raging, being present

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, occurring, present

Present Active Participle (Middle Voice)

Present participle from root 'vṛt', middle voice.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host

भग्ने (bhagne) - broken, routed, shattered

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, routed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'bhañj'.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

लीयमाने (līyamāne) - disappearing, melting away, dissolving

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of līyamāna

līyamāna - disappearing, melting away, dissolving

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle from root 'lī'.

Root: lī (class 4)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (an ancient king, or his descendants)

अनीकानाम् (anīkānām) - of the troops, of the armies

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, troop, host, front (of an army)

प्रविभागे (pravibhāge) - in the division, in the separation

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravibhāga

pravibhāga - division, separation, distinction

Prefixes: pra+vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

अप्रकाशे (aprakāśe) - indistinguishable, obscure, dark

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aprakāśa

aprakāśa - indistinguishable, without light, obscure, dark

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prakāśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• prakāśa – light, luster, visibility, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ज्ञायन्ते (jñāyante) - they are known, they are distinguished

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of jñā

Present Indicative, Passive Voice

Third person plural present indicative, passive voice.

Root: jñā (class 9)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (an ancient king, or his descendants)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इतरे (itare) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)