महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-154, verse-18

घटोत्कचो यदा कर्णं न विशेषयते नृप ।
तदा प्रादुश्चकारोग्रमस्त्रमस्त्रविदां वरः ॥१८॥

18. ghaṭotkaco yadā karṇaṁ na viśeṣayate nṛpa ,
tadā prāduścakārogramastramastravidāṁ varaḥ.

18. ghaṭotkacaḥ yadā karṇam na viśeṣayate nṛpa tadā
prādus cakāra ugram astram astravidām varaḥ

18. O King, when Ghaṭotkaca could not gain an advantage over Karṇa, then the foremost among weapon experts (astravid) manifested a formidable weapon.

Words meanings summery:

• घटोत्कचः (ghaṭotkacaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca

• यदा (yadā) - when

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

• न (na) - not, no

• विशेषयते (viśeṣayate) - could not gain an advantage over Karṇa (distinguishes, surpasses, defeats, gains advantage)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रादुस् (prādus) - used with 'cakāra' to mean 'manifested' (visible, manifest, before)

• चकार (cakāra) - manifested (in conjunction with prādus) (did, made)

• उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, formidable

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

• अस्त्रविदाम् (astravidām) - of weapon-experts, of those skilled in weapons

• वरः (varaḥ) - the foremost (among weapon experts) (best, preeminent, excellent, boon)

Words meanings and morphology

घटोत्कचः (ghaṭotkacaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghaṭotkaca

ghaṭotkaca - Ghaṭotkaca (name of a powerful demon, son of Bhīma and Hiḍimbā)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a great warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विशेषयते (viśeṣayate) - could not gain an advantage over Karṇa (distinguishes, surpasses, defeats, gains advantage)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of viśiṣ

Causative verb form

Derived from root śiṣ with prefix vi, then causative suffix -aya

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

प्रादुस् (prādus) - used with 'cakāra' to mean 'manifested' (visible, manifest, before)

(indeclinable)

Forms a compound verb with 'kṛ' (prādus-kṛ, to manifest)

चकार (cakāra) - manifested (in conjunction with prādus) (did, made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, formidable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, formidable, mighty

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, magical weapon

अस्त्रविदाम् (astravidām) - of weapon-experts, of those skilled in weapons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of astravid

astravid - knowing weapons, skilled in missiles, weapon-expert

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+vid)

• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

वरः (varaḥ) - the foremost (among weapon experts) (best, preeminent, excellent, boon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, principal; boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 1)