महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-9

स तालकेतोस्तीक्ष्णेन केतुमाहत्य पत्रिणा ।
भीष्मेण युयुधे वीरस्तस्य चानुचरैः सह ॥९॥

9. sa tālaketostīkṣṇena ketumāhatya patriṇā ,
bhīṣmeṇa yuyudhe vīrastasya cānucaraiḥ saha.

9. saḥ tālaketoḥ tīkṣṇena ketum āhatya patriṇā
bhīṣmeṇa yuyudhe vīraḥ tasya ca anucaraiḥ saha

9. saḥ vīraḥ tīkṣṇena patriṇā tālaketoḥ ketum
āhatya bhīṣmeṇa ca tasya anucaraiḥ saha yuyudhe

9. The hero (vīraḥ) (Abhimanyu), having struck (āhatya) the banner (ketum) of Bhishma (tālaketoḥ), who bore a palm-tree emblem, with a sharp arrow (tīkṣṇena patriṇā), fought (yuyudhe) with him and also with his (tasya) followers (anucaraiḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Abhimanyu) (he, that (masc. singular))

• तालकेतोः (tālaketoḥ) - of Bhishma, who bore a palm-tree emblem (of the one whose banner is a palm tree)

• तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - with a sharp, with a fierce

• केतुम् (ketum) - banner, standard, emblem

• आहत्य (āhatya) - having struck, having hit, having attacked

• पत्रिणा (patriṇā) - with an arrow, with a feathered shaft

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - with Bhishma

• युयुधे (yuyudhe) - he fought

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero (Abhimanyu) (hero, brave man)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Bhishma's) (his, of him)

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• अनुचरैः (anucaraiḥ) - with followers, with attendants

• सह (saha) - with, together with

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Abhimanyu) (he, that (masc. singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तालकेतोः (tālaketoḥ) - of Bhishma, who bore a palm-tree emblem (of the one whose banner is a palm tree)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tālaketu

tālaketu - one whose banner is a palm tree (epithet of Bhishma)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tāla+ketu)

• tāla – palm tree, palmyra tree
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, standard, emblem
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kit

Note: Possessive, indicating ownership of the banner.

तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - with a sharp, with a fierce

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, fierce, hot, pungent

From root √tij (to sharpen).

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `patriṇā`.

केतुम् (ketum) - banner, standard, emblem

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, standard, flag, emblem, sign, mark

From √kit (to perceive, to mark).

Root: kit

Note: Object of `āhatya`.

आहत्य (āhatya) - having struck, having hit, having attacked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √han (हन्) (II class) with prefix ā- and -lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

पत्रिणा (patriṇā) - with an arrow, with a feathered shaft

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of patrin

patrin - winged, feathered, an arrow

From `patra` (wing, feather) + `in` suffix (possessing).

Note: Means by which `ketum` was struck.

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - with Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

Note: Indicates who the hero fought with, used with `saha` and `yuyudhe`.

युयुधे (yuyudhe) - he fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of yudh

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

From root √yudh (युध्) (IV class). The perfect tense `yuyudhe` (reduplicated) is typically ātmanepada.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject is `saḥ vīraḥ`.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero (Abhimanyu) (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valorous man

Root: vīr

Note: Apposition to `saḥ`, identifying the subject.

तस्य (tasya) - his (Bhishma's) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive, modifying `anucaraiḥ`.

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Used to connect elements.

अनुचरैः (anucaraiḥ) - with followers, with attendants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anucara

anucara - follower, attendant, companion

From `anu` + √car (to move) + `a` suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Used with `saha` to indicate companionship in battle.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Governs the instrumental case.

Note: Connects to `bhīṣmeṇa` and `anucaraiḥ`.