महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-42

एतदीदृशकं कृत्वा मद्रराजो महारथः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं भास्वरं कृतवर्मणः ॥४२॥

42. etadīdṛśakaṁ kṛtvā madrarājo mahārathaḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ bhāsvaraṁ kṛtavarmaṇaḥ.

42. etat īdṛśakam kṛtvā madrarājaḥ mahārathaḥ
āruruha ratham tūrṇam bhāsvaram kṛtavarmaṇaḥ

42. madrājaḥ mahārathaḥ etat īdṛśakam kṛtvā
tūrṇam kṛtavarmaṇaḥ bhāsvaram ratham āruruha

42. Having done this, the great charioteer, the King of Madra (Śalya), quickly mounted Kṛtavarman's splendid chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this very thing

• ईदृशकम् (īdṛśakam) - such, of this kind

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, after doing

• मद्राजः (madrājaḥ) - King Śalya (the king of the Madras)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior in a great chariot

• आरुरुह (āruruha) - he ascended, he mounted

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• भास्वरम् (bhāsvaram) - shining, splendid, brilliant

• कृतवर्मणः (kṛtavarmaṇaḥ) - of Kṛtavarman

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this very thing

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

ईदृशकम् (īdṛśakam) - such, of this kind

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśaka

īdṛśaka - such, of this kind

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, after doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

formed with -tvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मद्राजः (madrājaḥ) - King Śalya (the king of the Madras)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – Madra (a country or its people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior in a great chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior fighting from a chariot, a great charioteer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, fighter from a chariot
  noun (masculine)

आरुरुह (āruruha) - he ascended, he mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of āruh

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

from tvar 'to hurry', used adverbially here

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially

भास्वरम् (bhāsvaram) - shining, splendid, brilliant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāsvara

bhāsvara - shining, brilliant, radiant

Note: Qualifies 'ratham'

कृतवर्मणः (kṛtavarmaṇaḥ) - of Kṛtavarman

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - Kṛtavarman (a proper name)