महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-48

तमुद्यतमुदीक्ष्याथ महेष्वासं महाबलम् ।
संत्रस्ता पाण्डवी सेना वातवेगहतेव नौः ॥४८॥

48. tamudyatamudīkṣyātha maheṣvāsaṁ mahābalam ,
saṁtrastā pāṇḍavī senā vātavegahateva nauḥ.

48. tam udyatam udīkṣya atha maheṣvāsam mahābalam
saṃtrastā pāṇḍavī senā vātavegahatā iva nauḥ

48. atha udīkṣya udyatam tam maheṣvāsam mahābalam,
pāṇḍavī senā vātavegahatā nauḥ iva saṃtrastā

48. Then, upon seeing him (Bhishma) ready, that great archer (maheṣvāsa) of immense strength, the Pāṇḍava army was terrified, like a boat struck by the force of the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Bhishma) (him, that)

• उद्यतम् (udyatam) - ready (for battle) (raised, uplifted, ready)

• उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - great archer (Bhishma) (great archer, mighty bowman)

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - of immense strength (Bhishma) (greatly powerful, mighty)

• संत्रस्ता (saṁtrastā) - terrified (terrified, frightened)

• पाण्डवी (pāṇḍavī) - Pāṇḍava (army) (Pāṇḍava's, belonging to Pāṇḍavas)

• सेना (senā) - army (army, host)

• वातवेगहता (vātavegahatā) - struck by the force of the wind

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• नौः (nauḥ) - boat (boat, ship)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Bhishma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उद्यतम् (udyatam) - ready (for battle) (raised, uplifted, ready)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - raised, ready, prepared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yam (to restrain, hold) with upasarga ud

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Bhishma)

उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with upasarga ud

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - great archer (Bhishma) (great archer, mighty bowman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+īṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• īṣvāsa – archer, bowman
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Bhishma)

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - of immense strength (Bhishma) (greatly powerful, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - greatly powerful, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Bhishma)

संत्रस्ता (saṁtrastā) - terrified (terrified, frightened)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃtrasta

saṁtrasta - terrified, frightened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tras (to tremble) with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'senā'

पाण्डवी (pāṇḍavī) - Pāṇḍava (army) (Pāṇḍava's, belonging to Pāṇḍavas)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pāṇḍavī

pāṇḍavī - Pāṇḍava (related to Pāṇḍu)

Feminine form of Pāṇḍava

सेना (senā) - army (army, host)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host

Root: sin (class 5)

वातवेगहता (vātavegahatā) - struck by the force of the wind

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vātavegahata

vātavegahata - struck by the force of the wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+vega+hata)

• vāta – wind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• vega – force, speed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)
• hata – struck, smitten, destroyed
  participle (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'senā'

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison

नौः (nauḥ) - boat (boat, ship)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship