महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-37

तस्य क्रुद्धः स नागेन्द्रो बृहतः साधुवाहिनः ।
पदा युगमधिष्ठाय जघान चतुरो हयान् ॥३७॥

37. tasya kruddhaḥ sa nāgendro bṛhataḥ sādhuvāhinaḥ ,
padā yugamadhiṣṭhāya jaghāna caturo hayān.

37. tasya kruddhaḥ saḥ nāgendraḥ bṛhataḥ sādhuvāhinaḥ
padā yugam adhiṣṭhāya jaghāna caturaḥ hayān

37. saḥ kruddhaḥ nāgendraḥ tasya bṛhataḥ sādhuvāhinaḥ
yugam padā adhiṣṭhāya caturaḥ hayān jaghāna

37. That enraged king of elephants, having trampled upon the yoke, then killed with its foot the four horses of that great and skillful charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (charioteer, Shalya) (his, of that)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• सः (saḥ) - that (elephant, referring to Uttara's elephant) (he, that)

• नागेन्द्रः (nāgendraḥ) - king of elephants, a great elephant

• बृहतः (bṛhataḥ) - of the great (charioteer, Shalya) (of the great, of the large)

• साधुवाहिनः (sādhuvāhinaḥ) - of the skillful charioteer (of the well-pulling, of the skillful driver)

• पदा (padā) - with the foot, by the foot

• युगम् (yugam) - the yoke of the chariot (yoke, pair, age)

• अधिष्ठाय (adhiṣṭhāya) - having stood upon, having trampled, having occupied

• जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, he struck, he destroyed

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that (charioteer, Shalya) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Shalya, the charioteer from the previous verse.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'nāgendraḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that (elephant, referring to Uttara's elephant) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun referring to the elephant mentioned in the previous verse.

नागेन्द्रः (nāgendraḥ) - king of elephants, a great elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgendra

nāgendra - king of serpents, king of elephants (often refers to a powerful elephant)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nāga+indra)

• nāga – serpent, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

बृहतः (bṛhataḥ) - of the great (charioteer, Shalya) (of the great, of the large)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhat

bṛhat - great, large, vast, lofty, strong

Note: Adjective modifying the implied charioteer (Shalya).

साधुवाहिनः (sādhuvāhinaḥ) - of the skillful charioteer (of the well-pulling, of the skillful driver)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sādhuvāhin

sādhuvāhin - well-drawing (of horses), well-carrying, skillful driver/charioteer

Compound of 'sādhu' (good, well) and 'vāhin' (carrying, drawing, driving).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sādhu+vāhin)

• sādhu – good, well, proper, excellent
  adjective
• vāhin – carrying, drawing, bearing; a driver
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'vah' (to carry, convey) with suffix -in.
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied charioteer (Shalya).

पदा (padā) - with the foot, by the foot

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pad

pad - foot, step

Note: Refers to the elephant's foot.

युगम् (yugam) - the yoke of the chariot (yoke, pair, age)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuga

yuga - yoke, pair, age, period

Note: Object of 'adhiṣṭhāya'.

अधिष्ठाय (adhiṣṭhāya) - having stood upon, having trampled, having occupied

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'adhi-' and suffix -tvā (absolutive), becoming -āya due to prefix.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, he struck, he destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of han

perfect (liṭ)

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with reduplication 'ja-', 3rd person singular active.

Root: han (class 2)

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Adjective modifying 'hayān'.

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Object of 'jaghāna'.