महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-56

अग्निनेव प्रदग्धानि वनानि शिशिरात्यये ।
शरदग्धान्यदृश्यन्त सैन्यानि द्रुपदस्य ह ।
अतिष्ठत रणे भीष्मो विधूम इव पावकः ॥५६॥

56. agnineva pradagdhāni vanāni śiśirātyaye ,
śaradagdhānyadṛśyanta sainyāni drupadasya ha ,
atiṣṭhata raṇe bhīṣmo vidhūma iva pāvakaḥ.

56. agninā iva pradagdhāni vanāni
śiśirātyaye śaradagdhāni adṛśyanta
sainyāni Drupadasya ha atiṣṭhata
raṇe bhīṣmaḥ vidhūmaḥ iva pāvakaḥ

56. ha Drupadasya sainyāni śiśirātyaye agninā pradagdhāni vanāni iva,
śaradagdhāni (iva) adṛśyanta raṇe bhīṣmaḥ vidhūmaḥ pāvakaḥ iva atiṣṭhata

56. Indeed, Drupada's armies appeared as if burnt by fire at the end of winter, or consumed by autumnal fires. Bhishma stood in battle like a smokeless flame.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्निना (agninā) - by fire

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• प्रदग्धानि (pradagdhāni) - burnt, consumed, thoroughly burnt

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods

• शिशिरात्यये (śiśirātyaye) - at the end of winter, at the close of the cold season

• शरदग्धानि (śaradagdhāni) - burnt in autumn, consumed by autumnal fires

• अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - were seen, appeared, became visible

• सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies, troops, forces

• द्रुपदस्य (drupadasya) - of Drupada

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, a particle of emphasis

• अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - stood, remained, took up position

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• विधूमः (vidhūmaḥ) - smokeless, without smoke

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, flame, purifier

Words meanings and morphology

अग्निना (agninā) - by fire

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire; the deity Agni; digestion

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

प्रदग्धानि (pradagdhāni) - burnt, consumed, thoroughly burnt

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pradagdha

dah - to burn, consume by fire

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'dah' (to burn) with the prefix 'pra-' and the past participle suffix '-kta'.

Prefix: pra

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vanāni' and 'sainyāni'.

वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

शिशिरात्यये (śiśirātyaye) - at the end of winter, at the close of the cold season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śiśirātyaya

śiśirātyaya - the end of winter, the transition period to spring

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śiśira+atyaya)

• śiśira – winter, cold season
  noun (masculine)
• atyaya – passing away, end, termination, transgression
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'ati-i' (to go beyond).
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)

शरदग्धानि (śaradagdhāni) - burnt in autumn, consumed by autumnal fires

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śaradagdha

śaradagdha - burnt or consumed during the autumn season (by forest fires common in autumn)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śarad+dagdha)

• śarad – autumn, harvest season
  noun (feminine)
• dagdha – burnt, consumed, scorched
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'dah' (to burn) with the suffix '-kta'.
  Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyāni'.

अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - were seen, appeared, became visible

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect (Laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies, troops, forces

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - an army, host, military force; belonging to an army

द्रुपदस्य (drupadasya) - of Drupada

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Drupada

Drupada - A king of the Pāñcāla kingdom, father of Draupadi.

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, a particle of emphasis

(indeclinable)

अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - stood, remained, took up position

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, conflict

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - A prominent character in the Mahābhārata, son of Shantanu and Ganga, grandfather of the Kuru princes, and a great warrior.

विधूमः (vidhūmaḥ) - smokeless, without smoke

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhūma

vidhūma - free from smoke, smokeless, clear (like a flame without smoke)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vi+dhūma)

• vi – apart, away, without, indicating separation or absence
  indeclinable
• dhūma – smoke, vapor
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmaḥ' and 'pāvakaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, flame, purifier

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, flame; purifier, clean, pure

Root: pū (class 1)