महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-46

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य मत्तवारणविक्रमम् ।
तावकानां रथाः सप्त समन्तात्पर्यवारयन् ।
मद्रराजं परीप्सन्तो मृत्योर्दंष्ट्रान्तरं गतम् ॥४६॥

46. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya mattavāraṇavikramam ,
tāvakānāṁ rathāḥ sapta samantātparyavārayan ,
madrarājaṁ parīpsanto mṛtyordaṁṣṭrāntaraṁ gatam.

46. tam āpatantam samprekṣya
mattavāraṇavikramam tāvakānām rathāḥ sapta
samantāt paryavārayan madrarājam
parīpsantaḥ mṛtyoḥ daṃṣṭrāntaram gatam

46. samprekṣya mattavāraṇavikramam
mṛtyoḥ daṃṣṭrāntaram gatam tam
madrarājam parīpsantaḥ tāvakānām
sapta rathāḥ samantāt paryavārayan

46. Upon seeing him approaching, with the valor of a rutting elephant, seven chariots of your (Kaurava) forces surrounded him from all sides. They sought to protect the King of Madras, who had entered the very jaws of death.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Śalya) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (Śalya) (approaching, falling upon)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

• मत्तवारणविक्रमम् (mattavāraṇavikramam) - having the valor of a rutting elephant

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Kaurava) side (of yours, pertaining to you)

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all directions (from all sides, all around)

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they obstructed)

• मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - king of Madras (Śalya) (king of Madras)

• परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to protect (the King of Madras) (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

• दंष्ट्रान्तरम् (daṁṣṭrāntaram) - into the jaws (interval of fangs, within jaws)

• गतम् (gatam) - having gone (into the jaws of death) (gone, arrived at, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Śalya) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (Śalya) (approaching, falling upon)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with upasarga ā (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with upasargas sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

मत्तवारणविक्रमम् (mattavāraṇavikramam) - having the valor of a rutting elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mattavāraṇavikrama

mattavāraṇavikrama - valor of a rutting elephant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (matta+vāraṇa+vikrama)

• matta – intoxicated, rutting, mad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mad (to be mad, intoxicated)
  Root: mad (class 4)
• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, strength
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kram (to step) with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Compound qualifying Śalya

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Kaurava) side (of yours, pertaining to you)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you

Derived from pronominal base tvad (you)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's side (Kauravas)

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ramh (class 1)

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Often functions as an adjective in context

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all directions (from all sides, all around)

(indeclinable)

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they obstructed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect 3rd Plural Active (Causative)

Root vṛ (class 5) with upasargas pari and ava, causative suffix -āp

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Causative form

मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - king of Madras (Śalya) (king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to protect (the King of Madras) (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parīpsant

parīpsant - desiring to protect

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Derived from desiderative of root pa (to protect) with upasarga pari

Prefix: pari

Root: pa (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rathāḥ'

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death

Derived from root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

दंष्ट्रान्तरम् (daṁṣṭrāntaram) - into the jaws (interval of fangs, within jaws)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daṃṣṭrāntara

daṁṣṭrāntara - interval between fangs, within jaws

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṃṣṭrā+antara)

• daṃṣṭrā – fang, tusk
  noun (feminine)
  Root: daṃś (class 1)
• antara – interior, interval, within
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used metaphorically as 'jaws of death'

गतम् (gatam) - having gone (into the jaws of death) (gone, arrived at, reached)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'madrarājam'.