महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-20

स तैः परिवृतः शूरो धार्तराष्ट्रैर्महारथैः ।
ववर्ष शरवर्षाणि कार्ष्णिः पञ्चरथान्प्रति ॥२०॥

20. sa taiḥ parivṛtaḥ śūro dhārtarāṣṭrairmahārathaiḥ ,
vavarṣa śaravarṣāṇi kārṣṇiḥ pañcarathānprati.

20. saḥ taiḥ parivṛtaḥ śūraḥ dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ mahārathaiḥ
vavarṣa śaravarṣāṇi kārṣṇiḥ pañcarathān prati

20. saḥ śūraḥ kārṣṇiḥ taiḥ dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ mahārathaiḥ
parivṛtaḥ pañcarathān prati śaravarṣāṇi vavarṣa

20. Kārṣṇi (Abhimanyu), the heroic warrior, surrounded by those great charioteers of the Dhārtarāṣṭra side, showered torrents of arrows against the five chariot-warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, enveloped

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic, brave, warrior

• धार्तराष्ट्रैः (dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ) - by the Dhārtarāṣṭras (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great charioteers, by great warriors

• ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - rained, showered

• शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows, torrents of arrows

• कार्ष्णिः (kārṣṇiḥ) - Abhimanyu, son of Subhadrā and Kṛṣṇa's nephew. (Kārṣṇi (son of Kṛṣṇa, i.e., Abhimanyu))

• पञ्चरथान् (pañcarathān) - five charioteers, five chariot-warriors

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, enveloped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛ

vṛ - to cover, enclose, choose, select

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ- 'to cover, enclose' with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Functions adjectivally, describing the subject.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic, brave, warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, valiant, brave

धार्तराष्ट्रैः (dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ) - by the Dhārtarāṣṭras (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son or descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great charioteers, by great warriors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a warrior fighting from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - rained, showered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vṛṣ

Perfect tense formation.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows, torrents of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, showering
  noun (neuter)

कार्ष्णिः (kārṣṇiḥ) - Abhimanyu, son of Subhadrā and Kṛṣṇa's nephew. (Kārṣṇi (son of Kṛṣṇa, i.e., Abhimanyu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārṣṇi

kārṣṇi - descendant of Kṛṣṇa (e.g., Abhimanyu, son of Subhadrā)

Patronymic from Kṛṣṇa.

पञ्चरथान् (pañcarathān) - five charioteers, five chariot-warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pañcaratha

pañcaratha - five chariots, five charioteers/warriors

Compound type : dvigu (pañca+ratha)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

(indeclinable)