महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
गतपूर्वाह्णभूयिष्ठे तस्मिन्नहनि दारुणे ।
वर्तमाने महारौद्रे महावीरवरक्षये ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
gatapūrvāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe tasminnahani dāruṇe ,
vartamāne mahāraudre mahāvīravarakṣaye.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca gatapūrvāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe tasmin ahani
dāruṇe vartamāne mahāraudre mahāvīravarakṣaye

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tasmin dāruṇe ahani gatapūrvāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe
vartamāne mahāraudre mahāvīravarakṣaye

1. Sanjaya said: On that dreadful day, when the greater part of the forenoon had passed, and the exceedingly fierce destruction of the greatest heroes was ongoing.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गतपूर्वाह्णभूयिष्ठे (gatapūrvāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe) - when the greater part of the forenoon had passed

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that, in that

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day, in the day

• दारुणे (dāruṇe) - dreadful, terrible

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - being, existing, ongoing

• महारौद्रे (mahāraudre) - in the exceedingly fierce (destruction) (exceedingly fierce, very terrible)

• महावीरवरक्षये (mahāvīravarakṣaye) - in the destruction of the best of great heroes

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator), victory, conquest

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

गतपूर्वाह्णभूयिष्ठे (gatapūrvāhṇabhūyiṣṭhe) - when the greater part of the forenoon had passed

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gatapūrvāhṇabhūyiṣṭha

gatapūrvāhṇabhūyiṣṭha - having the greater part of the forenoon passed

Compound type : tatpurusha (gata+pūrvāhṇa+bhūyiṣṭha)

• gata – gone, passed, departed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• pūrvāhṇa – forenoon, morning
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of pūrva (former) and ahna (day).
• bhūyiṣṭha – most, greatest part, abundant
  adjective (neuter)
  Superlative form of bahu (much, many).

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that, in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अहनि (ahani) - on the day, in the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day, daylight

दारुणे (dāruṇe) - dreadful, terrible

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - being, existing, ongoing

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, being, current

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root vṛt (to be, exist) with śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महारौद्रे (mahāraudre) - in the exceedingly fierce (destruction) (exceedingly fierce, very terrible)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāraudra

mahāraudra - exceedingly fierce, very terrible, extremely dreadful

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+raudra)

• mahā – great, exceedingly
  adjective
• raudra – fierce, terrible, dreadful, furious
  adjective (neuter)

महावीरवरक्षये (mahāvīravarakṣaye) - in the destruction of the best of great heroes

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāvīravarakṣaya

mahāvīravarakṣaya - destruction of the best of great heroes

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahāvīra+vara+kṣaya)

• mahāvīra – great hero, mighty warrior
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, boon, suitor
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss, end
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from verb root kṣi (to destroy, waste away).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)