महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-31

जवेनापततां तेषां भीष्मः शांतनवो रणे ।
पाञ्चाल्यं त्रिभिरानर्छत्सात्यकिं निशितैः शरैः ॥३१॥

31. javenāpatatāṁ teṣāṁ bhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavo raṇe ,
pāñcālyaṁ tribhirānarchatsātyakiṁ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

31. javena āpatatām teṣām bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavaḥ raṇe
pāñcālyaṃ tribhiḥ ānarćat sātyakiṃ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

31. raṇe teṣām javena āpatatām śāntanavaḥ bhīṣmaḥ
pāñcālyaṃ sātyakiṃ niśitaiḥ tribhiḥ śaraiḥ ānarćat

31. In battle, among those swiftly rushing forward, Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, struck Pāñcālya (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) and Satyaki with three sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• जवेन (javena) - with speed, swiftly, forcibly

• आपतताम् (āpatatām) - of those rushing, of those attacking, of those falling upon

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma, as the son of King Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• पाञ्चाल्यं (pāñcālyaṁ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada, king of Pañcāla (Pāñcālya (a prince of Pañcāla))

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

• आनर्ćअत् (ānarćat) - struck, pierced, hit

• सात्यकिं (sātyakiṁ) - Satyaki

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

जवेन (javena) - with speed, swiftly, forcibly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, force

Root: jū (class 1)

आपतताम् (āpatatām) - of those rushing, of those attacking, of those falling upon

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - rushing, attacking, falling upon (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √pat (to fall) with upasarga ā- (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (son of Shantanu, grandsire of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma, as the son of King Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Shantanu (an epithet for Bhishma)

Patronymic from Shantanu

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

पाञ्चाल्यं (pāñcālyaṁ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada, king of Pañcāla (Pāñcālya (a prince of Pañcāla))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - descendant of Pañcāla (an epithet for Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Patronymic from Pañcāla

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

(numeral)

आनर्ćअत् (ānarćat) - struck, pierced, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √rć

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root √rć in Laṅ (imperfect) with augment ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: rć (class 1)

सात्यकिं (sātyakiṁ) - Satyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (a Yadu warrior, ally of the Pandavas)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen (past passive participle)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śo/śi (to sharpen) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śi (class 4)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow