महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-45, verse-44

स विस्फार्य महच्चापं कार्तस्वरविभूषितम् ।
अभ्यधावज्जिघांसन्वै शल्यं मद्राधिपं बली ॥४४॥

44. sa visphārya mahaccāpaṁ kārtasvaravibhūṣitam ,
abhyadhāvajjighāṁsanvai śalyaṁ madrādhipaṁ balī.

44. sa visphārya mahat cāpam kārtasvaravibhūṣitam
abhyadhāvat jighāṃsan vai śalyam madradhipam balī

44. saḥ balī kārtasvaravibhūṣitam mahat cāpam visphārya
jighāṃsan vai madradhipam śalyam abhyadhāvat

44. That powerful Śaṅkha, having drawn his great bow adorned with gold, rushed towards Śalya, the King of Madra, indeed desiring to kill him.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Śaṅkha) (he, that one)

• विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (a bow)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow

• कार्तस्वरविभूषितम् (kārtasvaravibhūṣitam) - adorned with gold

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he rushed towards

• जिघांसन् (jighāṁsan) - desiring to kill

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - King Śalya of Madra (Śalya)

• मद्रधिपम् (madradhipam) - King Śalya of Madra (the king of the Madras)

• बली (balī) - powerful Śaṅkha (powerful one, strong one)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Śaṅkha) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (a bow)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

formed from vi-sphāy (causative of sphā 'to swell, expand')

Prefix: vi

Root: sphāy (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'cāpam'

चापम् (cāpam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow, arc

कार्तस्वरविभूषितम् (kārtasvaravibhūṣitam) - adorned with gold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārtasvaravibhūṣita

kārtasvaravibhūṣita - adorned with gold

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārtasvara+vibhūṣita)

• kārtasvara – gold
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated, embellished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vi-bhūṣ
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'cāpam'

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he rushed towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of abhidhāv

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

जिघांसन् (jighāṁsan) - desiring to kill

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jighāṃsat

jighāṁsat - desiring to kill, intending to slay

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative stem of root han ('jighāṃs') + Śatṛ suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Śaṅkha)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

शल्यम् (śalyam) - King Śalya of Madra (Śalya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (a proper name, King of Madra)

मद्रधिपम् (madradhipam) - King Śalya of Madra (the king of the Madras)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madradhipa

madradhipa - ruler/king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipa)

• madra – Madra (a country or its people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, chief, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'śalyam'

बली (balī) - powerful Śaṅkha (powerful one, strong one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty; a powerful person

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Śaṅkha)