महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-60

अवशोऽहं पुरा तात पुत्राणां निहते शते ।
श्रोष्यामि निनदं स्त्रीणां कथं मां मरणं स्पृशेत् ॥६०॥

60. avaśo'haṁ purā tāta putrāṇāṁ nihate śate ,
śroṣyāmi ninadaṁ strīṇāṁ kathaṁ māṁ maraṇaṁ spṛśet.

60. avaśaḥ aham purā tāta putrāṇām nihate śate
śroṣyāmi ninadam strīṇām katham mām maraṇam spṛśet

60. Formerly, O respected one (tāta), I was helpless when a hundred sons were slain. I shall now hear the wails of women; how could death possibly touch me (before that)?

Words meanings summery:

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless (helpless, powerless, out of control)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, before, in front)

• तात (tāta) - O respected one (O father, dear one, respected one)

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of sons

• निहते (nihate) - when slain (in the killed, in the slain)

• शते (śate) - when a hundred (sons) (in a hundred, on a hundred)

• श्रोष्यामि (śroṣyāmi) - I shall now hear (I shall hear)

• निनदम् (ninadam) - wails (cry, roar, sound)

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• माम् (mām) - me

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

• स्पृशेत् (spṛśet) - could possibly touch (may touch, should touch)

Words meanings and morphology

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless (helpless, powerless, out of control)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, independent, not in one's power

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vaśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vaśa – will, power, control, dominion
  noun (masculine)
  From √vaś (to wish, desire)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'aham'

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject

पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, before, in front)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time

तात (tāta) - O respected one (O father, dear one, respected one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, son, respected person (often used as a term of address for elders or inferiors)

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of sons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Qualifies 'śate' (a hundred 'of sons')

निहते (nihate) - when slain (in the killed, in the slain)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'śate' ('when a hundred were slain')

शते (śate) - when a hundred (sons) (in a hundred, on a hundred)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śata

śata - a hundred

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'nihate'

श्रोष्यामि (śroṣyāmi) - I shall now hear (I shall hear)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

निनदम् (ninadam) - wails (cry, roar, sound)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ninada

ninada - sound, cry, roar, noise

From √nad with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śroṣyāmi'

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Qualifies 'ninadam'

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of 'spṛśet'

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, mortal state

From root √mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'spṛśet'

स्पृशेत् (spṛśet) - could possibly touch (may touch, should touch)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √spṛś

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Expresses possibility or potential