महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-51

आददानस्य शस्त्रं हि क्षत्रधर्मं परीप्सतः ।
निधनं ब्राह्मणस्याजौ वरमेवाहुरुत्तमम् ॥५१॥

51. ādadānasya śastraṁ hi kṣatradharmaṁ parīpsataḥ ,
nidhanaṁ brāhmaṇasyājau varamevāhuruttamam.

51. ādādānasya śastram hi kṣatradharmam parīpsataḥ
nidhanam brāhmaṇasya ājau varam eva āhuḥ uttamam

51. Indeed, for a brāhmaṇa who takes up arms, desiring to uphold the warrior's natural law (kṣatradharma), death on the battlefield is declared to be the most excellent (outcome).

Words meanings summery:

• आदादानस्य (ādādānasya) - of one who takes up (arms) (of him who takes, of him who assumes)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, arms

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the natural law (dharma) of a warrior, warrior's duty

• परीप्सतः (parīpsataḥ) - of one who desires to uphold (kṣatradharma) (of him who desires to protect/obtain)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa

• आजौ (ājau) - on the battlefield (in battle, in conflict)

• वरम् (varam) - the best (outcome) (best, excellent, boon)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - (the wise) declare (they say, they declare)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - best, highest, most excellent

Words meanings and morphology

आदादानस्य (ādādānasya) - of one who takes up (arms) (of him who takes, of him who assumes)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ādādāna

ādādāna - taking, receiving

Present Middle Participle

From `ā-dā` (to take)

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, arms

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, arm

From root śas

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Object of `ādādānasya`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the natural law (dharma) of a warrior, warrior's duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - warrior's duty, natural law (dharma) of the Kṣatriya class

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, power
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

परीप्सतः (parīpsataḥ) - of one who desires to uphold (kṣatradharma) (of him who desires to protect/obtain)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to obtain, wishing to protect

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative of `pari-āp` (to obtain, protect)

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end

From ni-dhā (to lay down)

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of `āhuḥ`.

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brāhmaṇa, belonging to a brāhmaṇa

From brahman (the highest class)

Note: Possessive, indicating for whom death is declared.

आजौ (ājau) - on the battlefield (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, contest

From aj (to drive, contend)

Root: aj (class 1)

वरम् (varam) - the best (outcome) (best, excellent, boon)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

From root vṛ

Root: vṛ (class 5)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - (the wise) declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Root form (irregular)

Root: ah (class 2)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - best, highest, most excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, highest, foremost

Superlative of `ud` (up) or `ut`

`ud` + `tama` suffix