महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-59

किं नु कार्यं कथं कुर्यां क्व नु गच्छामि संजय ।
एते नश्यन्ति कुरवो मन्दाः कालवशं गताः ॥५९॥

59. kiṁ nu kāryaṁ kathaṁ kuryāṁ kva nu gacchāmi saṁjaya ,
ete naśyanti kuravo mandāḥ kālavaśaṁ gatāḥ.

59. kim nu kāryam katham kuryām kva nu gacchāmi
sañjaya ete naśyanti kuravaḥ mandāḥ kālavaśam gatāḥ

59. What indeed is my duty (kārya)? How should I act, and where should I go, Sañjaya? These foolish Kurus are perishing, having fallen under the dominion of time.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (is) (what? why?)

• नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, now, then (interrogative particle))

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - duty (duty, work, to be done)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• कुर्याम् (kuryām) - should I act (do) (I should do, I should make)

• क्व (kva) - where (where?)

• नु (nu) - (interrogative particle) (indeed, now, then (interrogative particle))

• गच्छामि (gacchāmi) - should I go (I go, I proceed)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (a proper name))

• एते (ete) - these (these (masc. nom. pl.))

• नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - are perishing (they perish, they are destroyed)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - Kurus (the Kurus)

• मन्दाः (mandāḥ) - foolish (foolish, dull, slow)

• कालवशम् (kālavaśam) - under the dominion of time (to the sway of time, under the power of fate)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - having fallen (gone, reached, fallen)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (is) (what? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun

नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, now, then (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic/interrogative particle

कार्यम् (kāryam) - duty (duty, work, to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, work

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative to 'kim'

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

कुर्याम् (kuryām) - should I act (do) (I should do, I should make)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

क्व (kva) - where (where?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb of place

नु (nu) - (interrogative particle) (indeed, now, then (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic/interrogative particle

गच्छामि (gacchāmi) - should I go (I go, I proceed)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and counsellor)

एते (ete) - these (these (masc. nom. pl.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'kuravaḥ'

नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - are perishing (they perish, they are destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √naś

Root: naś (class 4)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - Kurus (the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - the Kurus (a royal dynasty), a specific region

Note: Subject of 'naśyanti'

मन्दाः (mandāḥ) - foolish (foolish, dull, slow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manda

manda - foolish, dull, slow, weak

Note: Agrees with 'kuravaḥ'

कालवशम् (kālavaśam) - under the dominion of time (to the sway of time, under the power of fate)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālavaśa

kālavaśa - under the power of time, dominion of fate

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+vaśa)

• kāla – time, proper time, season
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, power, control, dominion
  noun (masculine)
  From √vaś (to wish, desire)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Denotes destination/object of motion for 'gatāḥ'

गताः (gatāḥ) - having fallen (gone, reached, fallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained, fallen

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kuravaḥ'. Used here as a predicate adjective, indicating a state.