महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-57

द्यूतप्रमुखमाभाति कुरूणां व्यसनं महत् ।
मन्देनैश्वर्यकामेन लोभात्पापमिदं कृतम् ॥५७॥

57. dyūtapramukhamābhāti kurūṇāṁ vyasanaṁ mahat ,
mandenaiśvaryakāmena lobhātpāpamidaṁ kṛtam.

57. dyūtapramukham ābhāti kurūṇām vyasanam mahat
mandena aiśvaryakāmena lobhāt pāpam idam kṛtam

57. The great calamity among the Kurus, primarily gambling, has become evident. This sin was committed out of greed by the foolish person who desired sovereignty.

Words meanings summery:

• द्यूतप्रमुखम् (dyūtapramukham) - primarily gambling (chief of gambling, having gambling as a principal part)

• आभाति (ābhāti) - has become evident (appears, shines, becomes visible)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - among the Kurus (of the Kurus)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - calamity (calamity, misfortune, addiction)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• मन्देन (mandena) - by the foolish person (by the foolish, by the slow)

• ऐश्वर्यकामेन (aiśvaryakāmena) - desirous of sovereignty (by the one desirous of sovereignty)

• लोभात् (lobhāt) - out of greed (from greed, due to covetousness)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil, wrong)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - was committed (done, made, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

द्यूतप्रमुखम् (dyūtapramukham) - primarily gambling (chief of gambling, having gambling as a principal part)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūtapramukha

dyūtapramukha - chief of gambling, having gambling as its principal part

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dyūta+pramukha)

• dyūta – gambling, playing with dice
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √div (to play)
  Root: div (class 4)
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agrees with 'vyasanam'

आभाति (ābhāti) - has become evident (appears, shines, becomes visible)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √bhā

Prefix: ā

Root: bhā (class 2)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - among the Kurus (of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - the Kurus (a royal dynasty), a specific region

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - calamity (calamity, misfortune, addiction)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, addiction, evil pursuit

From √as with 'vi' prefix

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'ābhāti'

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Present Active Participle

From root √mah (to be great)

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vyasanam'

मन्देन (mandena) - by the foolish person (by the foolish, by the slow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manda

manda - foolish, slow, dull, weak

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied context)

ऐश्वर्यकामेन (aiśvaryakāmena) - desirous of sovereignty (by the one desirous of sovereignty)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aiśvaryakāma

aiśvaryakāma - desirous of dominion/sovereignty/power

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aiśvarya+kāma)

• aiśvarya – sovereignty, dominion, power, prosperity
  noun (neuter)
  From īśvara
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  From √kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mandena'

लोभात् (lobhāt) - out of greed (from greed, due to covetousness)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, covetousness, avarice

From √lubh (to be greedy)

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Expresses the cause

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil, wrong)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wicked

Note: Subject of implied verb, predicate to 'idam'

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'pāpam'

कृतम् (kṛtam) - was committed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, effect

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective, implies a verb 'was'