महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-54

ऋषयो ह्यपि निर्मुक्ताः पश्यन्तो लोकसंग्रहान् ।
सुखे भवन्ति सुखिनस्तथा दुःखेन दुःखिताः ॥५४॥

54. ṛṣayo hyapi nirmuktāḥ paśyanto lokasaṁgrahān ,
sukhe bhavanti sukhinastathā duḥkhena duḥkhitāḥ.

54. ṛṣayaḥ hi api nirmuktāḥ paśyantaḥ lokasaṃgrahān |
sukhe bhavanti sukhinaḥ tathā duḥkhena duḥkhitāḥ

54. Indeed, even liberated sages (ṛṣi), while observing the welfare of the world (lokasaṃgraha), become happy in times of joy and are similarly distressed by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• निर्मुक्ताः (nirmuktāḥ) - freed from attachments (liberated, freed, released)

• पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, observing, looking

• लोकसंग्रहान् (lokasaṁgrahān) - the welfare of the world, maintaining the world, the people's guidance

• सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness, in joy

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy, joyful ones

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain

• दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

Root: ṛṣ

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

निर्मुक्ताः (nirmuktāḥ) - freed from attachments (liberated, freed, released)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirmukta

nirmukta - liberated, freed, released, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From nir + √muc (to free, release)

Prefix: nis

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Acts as an adjective for ṛṣayaḥ.

पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, observing, looking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

From √dṛś (to see), but uses stem paśya for present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective for ṛṣayaḥ.

लोकसंग्रहान् (lokasaṁgrahān) - the welfare of the world, maintaining the world, the people's guidance

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of lokasaṃgraha

lokasaṁgraha - the welfare of the world, public good, maintaining people, guiding the people

Compound of loka and saṃgraha.

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+saṃgraha)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
• saṃgraha – collection, compilation, grasping, comprehension, maintenance, welfare
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + √grah (to seize, take)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Object of paśyantaḥ.

सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness, in joy

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

Note: Indicates the condition or state.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

parasmaipada, present tense, 3rd person plural

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb for ṛṣayaḥ.

सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy, joyful ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, prosperous, comfortable

From sukha + suffix -in

Note: Adjective modifying ṛṣayaḥ.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness

Note: Cause of being distressed.

दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, afflicted, unhappy, sorrowful

Past Passive Participle

From duḥkha (sorrow) + suffix -ita

Note: Acts as an adjective for ṛṣayaḥ.