महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-9

तमापतन्तं वेगेन पाण्डवं रथिनां वरम् ।
द्रोणः प्रत्युद्ययौ पार्थं मत्तो मत्तमिव द्विपम् ॥९॥

9. tamāpatantaṁ vegena pāṇḍavaṁ rathināṁ varam ,
droṇaḥ pratyudyayau pārthaṁ matto mattamiva dvipam.

9. tam āpatantam vegena pāṇḍavam rathinām varam droṇaḥ
pratyudyayau pārtham mattaḥ mattam iva dvipam

9. Drona advanced to meet that Pandava, the foremost of charioteers, who was swiftly approaching, just as one enraged elephant charges towards another enraged elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, rushing

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, by force

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna, as a son of Pandu (Pandava, son of Pandu)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

• वरम् (varam) - best, excellent, foremost

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - went to meet, advanced against, counter-attacked

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, as a son of Pritha (Kunti) (Partha, son of Pritha)

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - enraged, intoxicated, maddened

• मत्तम् (mattam) - enraged, intoxicated, maddened

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• द्विपम् (dvipam) - elephant

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, rushing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, rushing, falling down

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'pat' (to fall, fly) with the prefix 'ā' (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, by force

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, current, stream

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna, as a son of Pandu (Pandava, son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, owner of a chariot

वरम् (varam) - best, excellent, foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon, bridegroom

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher and warrior)

प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - went to meet, advanced against, counter-attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of pratyudyā

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, as a son of Pritha (Kunti) (Partha, son of Pritha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha (Kunti); a name of Arjuna

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - enraged, intoxicated, maddened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, maddened, enraged, lustful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, to rejoice)

Root: mad (class 4)

मत्तम् (mattam) - enraged, intoxicated, maddened

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, maddened, enraged, lustful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, to rejoice)

Root: mad (class 4)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

द्विपम् (dvipam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'two-drinker', referring to its trunk and mouth)