महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-33

दृष्ट्वा तु पार्थस्य रणे शरैः स्वरथमावृतम् ।
स विस्फार्य धनुश्चित्रं मेघस्तनितनिस्वनम् ॥३३॥

33. dṛṣṭvā tu pārthasya raṇe śaraiḥ svarathamāvṛtam ,
sa visphārya dhanuścitraṁ meghastanitanisvanam.

33. dṛṣṭvā tu pārthasya raṇe śaraiḥ svaratham āvṛtam
saḥ visphārya dhanuḥ citram meghastanitanisvanam

33. Having seen Pārtha's chariot covered with arrows in battle, he (Droṇa) then stretched his wondrous bow, which resonated with a thunderous roar.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Pārtha, of Arjuna

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Droṇa (implied from the larger narrative, specifically the next verse). (he, that)

• विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having twanged (a bow)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• चित्रम् (citram) - variegated, wonderful, marvelous, striking

• मेघस्तनितनिस्वनम् (meghastanitanisvanam) - having the sound of thunder, roaring like a cloud

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Pārtha, of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix (descendant)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight, combat

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - own chariot

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+ratha)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, concealed

past passive participle

Derived from root vṛ with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with svaratham.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Droṇa (implied from the larger narrative, specifically the next verse). (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having twanged (a bow)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root sphā with prefix vi- and suffix -ya (after a prefix)

Prefix: vi

Root: sphā (class 1)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

चित्रम् (citram) - variegated, wonderful, marvelous, striking

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - variegated, diverse, wonderful, excellent, marvelous

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with dhanuḥ.

मेघस्तनितनिस्वनम् (meghastanitanisvanam) - having the sound of thunder, roaring like a cloud

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of meghastanitanisvana

meghastanitanisvana - having the sound of thunder

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (megha+stanita+nisvana)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
• stanita – roaring, thundering (as of clouds)
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root stan (to roar, thunder)
  Root: stan (class 1)
• nisvana – sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with dhanuḥ.