महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-53, verse-12

तौ रथौ वीर्यसंपन्नौ दृष्ट्वा संग्राममूर्धनि ।
आचार्यशिष्यावजितौ कृतविद्यौ मनस्विनौ ॥१२॥

12. tau rathau vīryasaṁpannau dṛṣṭvā saṁgrāmamūrdhani ,
ācāryaśiṣyāvajitau kṛtavidyau manasvinau.

12. tau rathau vīryasaṃpannau dṛṣṭvā saṃgrāmamūrdhani
ācāryaśiṣyau ajitau kṛtavidyau manasvinau

12. Having seen those two chariots, both endowed with valor, at the forefront of battle, (belonging to) the unconquered teacher and disciple, who were accomplished in knowledge and high-minded.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• रथौ (rathau) - two chariots

• वीर्यसंपन्नौ (vīryasaṁpannau) - endowed with valor, full of might

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• संग्राममूर्धनि (saṁgrāmamūrdhani) - at the forefront of battle, in the thick of battle

• आचार्यशिष्यौ (ācāryaśiṣyau) - Drona (the teacher) and Arjuna (the disciple) (teacher and disciple (the two))

• अजितौ (ajitau) - unconquered, invincible (the two)

• कृतविद्यौ (kṛtavidyau) - accomplished in knowledge/learning (the two)

• मनस्विनौ (manasvinau) - high-minded, sagacious, spirited (the two)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

रथौ (rathau) - two chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

वीर्यसंपन्नौ (vīryasaṁpannau) - endowed with valor, full of might

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīryasaṃpanna

vīryasaṁpanna - endowed with valor/heroism, possessed of strength/power

Compound type : tatpurusha (vīrya+saṃpanna)

• vīrya – valor, heroism, strength, energy, power
  noun (neuter)
• saṃpanna – endowed with, possessed of, accomplished, complete
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'pad' (to go) with the prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from the root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

संग्राममूर्धनि (saṁgrāmamūrdhani) - at the forefront of battle, in the thick of battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāmamūrdhan

saṁgrāmamūrdhan - the forefront or height of battle

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃgrāma+mūrdhan)

• saṃgrāma – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, summit, forefront
  noun (masculine)

आचार्यशिष्यौ (ācāryaśiṣyau) - Drona (the teacher) and Arjuna (the disciple) (teacher and disciple (the two))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ācāryaśiṣya

ācāryaśiṣya - teacher and disciple

Compound type : dvandva (ācārya+śiṣya)

• ācārya – teacher, preceptor, master
  noun (masculine)
• śiṣya – disciple, pupil, student
  noun (masculine)

अजितौ (ajitau) - unconquered, invincible (the two)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ajita

ajita - unconquered, invincible, unsubdued

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• jita – conquered, won, subdued
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

कृतविद्यौ (kṛtavidyau) - accomplished in knowledge/learning (the two)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṛtavidya

kṛtavidya - one who has acquired knowledge, learned, accomplished in learning

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+vidyā)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, wisdom
  noun (feminine)

मनस्विनौ (manasvinau) - high-minded, sagacious, spirited (the two)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of manasvin

manasvin - high-minded, intelligent, sagacious, spirited, resolute

Possessing 'manas' (mind)